Background: Monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are very critical enzymes that regulate the level of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and monoamines. Monoamine neurotransmitters and acetylcholine play a very important role in many physiological events. An increase or decrease in the amount of these neurotransmitters is observed in a wide range of central nervous system pathologies. Balancing the amount of these neurotransmitters is important in improving the progression of these diseases. Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are important in symptomatic therapy and delaying progression of a group of central nervous system disease manifested with memory loss, cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances like depression.

Objective: In this article, the relationship between central nervous system diseases and the vital role of the enzymes, monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase, is discussed on the pathophysiologic basis, focusing on drug research.

Conclusion: Monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are still a good target for the development of novel drug active substances with optimized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which can maximize the benefits of current therapy modalities.

背景：单胺氧化酶和胆碱酯酶是非常关键的酶，可调节神经递质的水平，例如乙酰胆碱和单胺。单胺类神经递质和乙酰胆碱在许多生理事件中起着非常重要的作用。在广泛的中枢神经系统病理中观察到这些神经递质的量增加或减少。平衡这些神经递质的数量对改善这些疾病的进展很重要。单胺氧化酶和胆碱酯酶的抑制剂在对症治疗中很重要，并且可以延缓一组中枢神经系统疾病的进展，这些疾病表现为记忆力减退，认知能力下降和精神障碍（如抑郁症）。

目的：本文在病理生理学基础上讨论中枢神经系统疾病与酶，单胺氧化酶和胆碱酯酶的重要作用之间的关系，重点是药物研究。

结论：单胺氧化酶和胆碱酯酶仍是开发具有最佳药代动力学和药效学性质的新型药物活性物质的良好目标，可以最大程度地利用当前治疗方法。