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Perspectives for using glacial and periglacial microorganisms for plant growth promotion at low temperatures.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10468-4
Luis Andrés Yarzábal 1, 2
Affiliation  

Even though they are among the most extreme environments in which life can develop, glaciers are colonized by metabolically active microbes, some of which thrive-in their own particular way-under the prevailing harsh conditions. Glacial or periglacial microbes are often psychrophiles since they are able to grow optimally at low temperatures. This ability has evolved through a series of adaptations, both molecular and physiological, some of which have been exploited by the biotechnological industry to develop useful products and processes. The recent discovery of cold-adapted plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) in glacial ice or periglacial soils has opened a gate to a new trove of applications due to their potential use as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents, effective in cold climates. It has been claimed that this would be of profit to increase agriculture productivity in hilly terrains, like those prevailing in the Andes or the Himalayas, since-in addition to their ability to promote plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms-they represent an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. In the following chapter, I summarize the current knowledge on the identity and characteristics of such PGPM and highlight the experiences in promoting the growth of a few plant species, at low temperatures.Key Points•Countless microbes are immured in glaciers and their surroundings.•Many glacial and periglacial microbes are cold-loving (i.e., psychrophiles).•Some glacial and periglacial psychrophiles promote plant growth and development.•Plant growth-promoting psychrophiles can be used to develop biofertilizers.

中文翻译:

利用冰川和冰川周围微生物促进低温植物生长的观点。

尽管冰川处于可以生存的最极端环境中,但它们仍被新陈代谢活跃的微生物定居,其中一些微生物以自己的特殊方式在普遍的恶劣条件下壮成长。冰河或冰河微生物通常是嗜冷菌,因为它们能够在低温下最佳生长。这种能力是通过一系列适应性进化而来的,无论是分子适应性还是生理适应性,其中一些已被生物技术产业用来开发有用的产品和工艺。在冰层或冰缘土壤中,最近发现的适应冷植物生长的微生物(PGPM)开启了新的应用之门,因为它们有可能在寒冷的气候下有效用作生物肥料或生物防治剂。据称,这将有利于提高丘陵地带的农业生产率,例如在安第斯山脉或喜马拉雅山盛行的丘陵地带,因为它们除了具有通过直接或间接机制促进植物生长的能力之外,还代表着对环境友好替代使用农药和化肥。在下一章中,我总结了有关此类PGPM的特性和特征的最新知识,并重点介绍了在低温下促进几种植物生长的经验。要点•冰川及其周围环境中沉迷着无数微生物。许多冰川和冰缘微生物喜欢寒冷(即嗜冷菌)。•一些冰川和冰缘嗜冷菌促进植物的生长和发育。
更新日期:2020-03-24
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