Extensive Genetic Diversity of Polyomaviruses in Sympatric Bat Communities: Host Switching versus Coevolution.,Journal of Virology

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Extensive Genetic Diversity of Polyomaviruses in Sympatric Bat Communities: Host Switching versus Coevolution.
Journal of Virology ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 , DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02101-19
Zhizhou Tan ₁ , Gabriel Gonzalez ₂ , Jinliang Sheng ₃ , Jianmin Wu ₄ , Fuqiang Zhang ₅ , Lin Xu ₁ , Peisheng Zhang _{1,

3} , Aiwei Zhu ₁ , Yonggang Qu ₃ , Changchun Tu _{1,

6} , Michael J Carr ₇ , Biao He _{6,

8}

Affiliation

Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
National Advanced Computing Collaboratory, National Center for High Technology, San Jose, Costa Rica.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are small DNA viruses carried by diverse vertebrates. The evolutionary relationships of viruses and hosts remain largely unclear due to very limited surveillance in sympatric communities. In order to investigate whether PyVs can transmit among different mammalian species and to identify host-switching events in the field, we conducted a systematic study of a large collection of bats (n = 1,083) from 29 sympatric communities across China which contained multiple species with frequent contact. PyVs were detected in 21 bat communities, with 192 PyVs identified in 186 bats from 15 species within 6 families representing at least 28 newly described PyVs. Surveillance results and phylogenetic analyses surprisingly revealed three interfamily PyV host-switching events in these sympatric bat communities: two distinct PyVs were identified in two bat species in restricted geographical locations, while another PyV clustered phylogenetically with PyVs carried by bats from a different host family. Virus-host relationships of all discovered PyVs were also evaluated, and no additional host-switching events were found. PyVs were identified in different horseshoe bat species in sympatric communities without observation of host-switching events, showed high genomic identities, and clustered with each other. This suggested that even for PyVs with high genomic identities in closely related host species, the potential for host switching is low. In summary, our findings revealed that PyV host switching in sympatric bat communities can occur but is limited and that host switching of bat-borne PyVs is relatively rare on the predominantly evolutionary background of codivergence with their hosts.IMPORTANCE Since the discovery of murine polyomavirus in the 1950s, polyomaviruses (PyVs) have been considered highly host restricted in mammals. Sympatric bat communities commonly contain several different bat species in an ecological niche facilitating viral transmission, and they therefore represent a model to identify host-switching events of PyVs. In this study, we screened PyVs in a large number of bats in sympatric communities from diverse habitats across China. We provide evidence that cross-species bat-borne PyV transmission exists, though is limited, and that host-switching events appear relatively rare during the evolutionary history of these viruses. PyVs with close genomic identities were also identified in different bat species without host-switching events. Based on these findings, we propose an evolutionary scheme for bat-borne PyVs in which limited host-switching events occur on the background of codivergence and lineage duplication, generating the viral genetic diversity in bats.

更新日期：2020-04-16

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