Renal dysfunctions are major predictors of co-morbidities and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. Unconventional T cells have been shown to regulate kidney functions. However, there is dearth of information on the effect of HIV-associated nephropathies on γδ and DN T cells. It is also not clear whether γδ T cell perturbations observed during the early stages of HIV infection occur before immune activation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between creatinine and urea on the number of unconventional T cells in HIV-infected individuals at the early and chronic stages of infection. Persons in the chronic stage of infection were divided into treatment naïve and exposed groups. Treatment exposed individuals were further subdivided into groups with undetectable and detectable HIV-1RNA in their blood. Creatinine and urea levels were significantly higher among persons in the early HIV infection compared with the other groups. Proportions of γδ T, γδ + CD8, γδ + CD16 cells were also significantly reduced in the early stage of HIV infection (P < .01). Markers of immune activation, CD4 + HLA-DR and CD8 + HLA-DR, were also significantly reduced during early HIV infection (P < .01). Taken together, our findings suggest that high levels of renal markers as well as reduced proportions of gamma delta T cells are associated with the early stages of HIV infection. This event likely occurs before systemic immune activation reaches peak levels. This study provides evidence for the need for early HIV infection diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

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早期 HIV 感染与 γδT 亚群比例减少以及肌酐和尿素水平升高有关。

肾功能障碍是 HIV 感染者合并症和死亡率的主要预测因素。非常规 T 细胞已被证明可以调节肾功能。然而，关于 HIV 相关肾病对 γδ 和 DN T 细胞影响的信息匮乏。目前还不清楚在 HIV 感染早期阶段观察到的 γδ T 细胞扰动是否发生在免疫激活之前。在这项研究中，我们研究了肌酐和尿素与 HIV 感染者在感染早期和慢性阶段的非常规 T 细胞数量之间的关系。处于慢性感染阶段的人被分为未接受治疗组和暴露组。接受治疗的个体被进一步细分为血液中无法检测到 HIV-1RNA 和可检测到 HIV-1RNA 的组。与其他群体相比，早期艾滋病毒感染者的肌酐和尿素水平显着较高。HIV感染早期，γδ T、γδ + CD8、γδ + CD16细胞的比例也显着减少（P < .01）。免疫激活标志物 CD4 + HLA-DR 和 CD8 + HLA-DR 在早期 HIV 感染期间也显着降低 (P < .01)。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，高水平的肾脏标志物以及γδT细胞比例的降低与HIV感染的早期阶段有关。该事件可能发生在全身免疫激活达到峰值水平之前。这项研究为艾滋病毒感染早期诊断和治疗的必要性提供了证据。