An ultra-high frame rate and high resolution ion-sensing Lab-on-Chip platform using a 128x128 CMOS ISFETarray is presented. Current mode operation is employed to facilitate high-speed operation, with the ISFET sensors biased in the triode region to provide a linear response. Sensing pixels include a reset switch to allow in pixel-calibration for nonidealities such as offset, trapped charge and drift by periodically resetting the floating gate of the ISFET sensor. Current mode row-parallel signal processing is applied throughout the readout pipeline including auto-zeroing circuits for the removal of fixed pattern noise. The 128 readout signals are multiplexed to eight high-sample-rate on-chip current mode ADCs followed by an off-chip PCIe-based digital readout system on a FPGA with a latency of 0.15s. Designed in a 0.35 um CMOS process, the complete system-on-chip occupies an area of 2.6mm x 2.2mm and the whole system achieves a frame rate of 3000fps which is the highest reported in the literature. The platform is demonstrated for real-time ion-imaging through the high-speed visualisation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diffusion in water. Furthermore, the proposed platform is able to achieve real-time visualisation of ion dynamics on a screen at 60fps in addition to slow-motion replay in 3000fps.

中文翻译：

---

具有像素内校准功能的128×128电流模式超高帧频ISFET阵列，用于实时离子成像。

提出了使用128x128 CMOS ISFET阵列的超高帧频和高分辨率离子感测芯片实验室平台。采用电流模式操作以促进高速操作，ISFET传感器偏置在三极管区域以提供线性响应。感测像素包括一个复位开关，以通过周期性地复位ISFET传感器的浮栅来对非理想性（例如偏移，捕获的电荷和漂移）进行像素校准。当前模式行并行信号处理应用于整个读取流水线，包括自动归零电路，用于去除固定模式噪声。128个读出信号被多路复用到八个高采样率的片上电流模式ADC，随后是0.15s延迟的FPGA上基于片外PCIe的数字读出系统。采用0.35 um CMOS工艺设计，完整的片上系统占地2.6mm x 2.2mm，整个系统达到3000fps的帧速率，这是文献中报道的最高值。通过高速可视化氢氧化钠（NaOH）在水中的扩散，演示了用于实时离子成像的平台。此外，除了以3000fps的慢动作重放外，该平台还能够以60fps的速度在屏幕上实时显示离子动力学。