Focal cartilaginous and osteochondral lesions can have traumatic or chondropathic degenerative origin. The fibrocartilaginous repair tissue that forms naturally, eventually undergoes fibrillation and degeneration leading to further disruption of joint homeostasis. Both types of lesion will therefore eventually lead to activity‐related pain, swelling and decreased mobility and will frequently progress to osteoarthritis. Most attempts at realising cartilage regeneration have so far resulted in cartilage repair (and not regeneration). The aim of this article was to review experimental research on surgical cartilage restoration techniques performed so far in equine models. Currently available surgical options for treatment of osteochondral lesions in the horse are summarised. The experimental validity of equine experimental models is addressed and finally possible avenues for further research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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马的外科骨软骨缺损修复——形式或功能问题？

局灶性软骨和骨软骨损伤可能具有创伤性或软骨病退行性起源。自然形成的纤维软骨修复组织最终会发生纤颤和退化，从而进一步破坏关节稳态。因此，这两种类型的损伤最终都会导致与活动相关的疼痛、肿胀和活动能力下降，并经常发展为骨关节炎。迄今为止，大多数实现软骨再生的尝试都导致了软骨修复（而不是再生）。本文的目的是回顾迄今为止在马模型中进行的外科软骨修复技术的实验研究。总结了目前可用于治疗马骨软骨损伤的手术方案。