OBJECTIVE Anxiety sensitivity (AS; fear of anxiety) is a malleable risk factor for anxiety and depression. Brief computerized interventions, including elements of psychoeducation, interoceptive exposure, and cognitive bias modification (CBM) can reduce anxiety and depression through AS reductions. These interventions are not equally efficacious for all who receive them, suggesting the need to explore moderators. Attentional control (AC), the ability to regulate attentional processes by focusing and shifting attention as needed, has been linked to AS, anxiety, and depression suggesting that it may moderate treatment efficacy. The moderating effects of self-report and neurophysiological (i.e., theta/beta ratio, occipital alpha power) indices associated with AC processes on a brief AS-focused intervention were examined. METHOD Participants (M age = 36.43, SD = 16.47; 57.5% female) were randomized to cognitive AS treatment (n = 67) or a repeated contact control (n = 60). RESULTS Occipital alpha power moderated the rate of change in AS across three weekly treatment sessions as well as the effects of the intervention on anxiety and depression symptoms at the 1-month follow-up. Lower alpha power was associated with a swifter reduction in AS symptoms and marginally lower levels of anxiety and depression at follow-up. AC indices were not correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS These findings present a novel hypothesis that lower AC as indexed by occipital alpha power might increase treatment gains in the context of a brief transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety and depression. These findings also highlight the need for external validity studies of AC indices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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多方法研究注意控制对焦虑和抑郁的短暂干预的影响。

目的焦虑敏感性（AS；担心焦虑）是焦虑和抑郁的可塑风险因素。简短的计算机干预，包括心理教育，知觉间接触和认知偏向改变（CBM）的元素，可以通过减少AS来减少焦虑和抑郁。这些干预措施并非对所有接受干预措施的人同样有效，这表明有必要探索主持人。注意控制（AC）是通过根据需要集中和转移注意力来调节注意过程的能力，已与AS，焦虑症和抑郁症联系在一起，表明它可能会降低治疗效果。研究了与AC过程相关的自我报告和神经生理指标（即theta /β比值，枕骨α功率）对短暂的以AS为重点的干预的调节作用。方法将参与者（M年龄= 36.43，SD = 16.47；女性57.5％）随机分配至认知AS治疗（n = 67）或重复接触控制（n = 60）。结果枕骨α功率在1个星期的随访中缓解了三周每周疗程中AS的变化率以及干预对焦虑和抑郁症状的影响。较低的alpha功率与AS症状的迅速减轻以及随访时焦虑和抑郁的轻微降低相关。AC指数彼此不相关。结论这些发现提出了一个新的假说，即在通过短暂的焦虑和抑郁症的经诊断性治疗的情况下，以枕叶α功率为指标的较低AC可能会增加治疗获益。这些发现还强调了对AC指标进行外部有效性研究的必要性。