OBJECTIVE Multiple cognitive risks from different theoretical paradigms (dysfunctional attitudes, negative inferential style, self-criticism, dependency, brooding) predict depression, but may be transdiagnostic vulnerabilities for multiple psychopathologies. Risk factors can be identified as broadly transdiagnostic and relatively specific to psychopathological outcomes by organizing the common and specific aspects of each respective construct using latent bifactor models, and by examining links between dimensions of risk and psychopathology. This study evaluated (a) whether a bifactor model of cognitive vulnerabilities, including a general cognitive risk dimension (c factor) and several specific dimensions replicated in early adolescents (Mage = 13.50 years) and extended to younger and older youth, and (b) how the general and specific cognitive risk dimensions related to the general psychopathology (p factor) and internalizing- and externalizing-specific dimensions. METHOD Community youth (N = 571; 55% female) reported on cognitive risks; youth and a caregiver reported on psychopathologies (depression, anxiety, aggression, conduct, attention problems). RESULTS The cognitive risk bifactor model showed good fit and slight advantages over a correlated factors model. The bifactor model exhibited invariance across development and captured key associations that were identified when each individual cognitive risk was related to the bifactor model of psychopathology. The c factor strongly related to internalizing-specific, and moderately to the p factor and externalizing-specific dimensions. Specific cognitive risk dimensions (brooding, negative inferential style, dependency) related to all psychopathology dimensions. CONCLUSION A general cognitive vulnerability (c factor) transdiagnostically associates with a breadth of psychopathologies and most potently to internalizing-specific among youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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青年人心理病理学的经诊断诊断风险的广度和效力。

目的来自不同理论范式（功能失调的态度，否定的推论风格，自我批评，依赖性，沉思）的多种认知风险预示着抑郁症，但可能是多种心理病理学的易诊断性脆弱性。通过使用潜在的双因素模型组织每个构建体的共同和特定方面，并通过检查风险和心理病理学之间的联系，可以将风险因素识别为广泛的可诊断性且相对于心理病理结果而言相对特定。这项研究评估了（a）认知脆弱性的双因素模型，包括一般的认知风险维度（c因子）和在青少年早期（Mage = 13.50岁）复制的几个特定维度，并扩展到了年轻人和老年人，（b）一般和特定的认知风险维度与一般的精神病理学（p因子）以及特定于内部和外部的维度如何相关。方法社区青年（N = 571；女性55％）报告有认知风险。青年和看护者报告了心理疾病（抑郁，焦虑，攻击，行为，注意力问题）。结果认知风险双因素模型显示出比相关因素模型更好的拟合度和轻微优势。双因素模型在整个发展过程中表现出不变性，并捕获了关键关联，当每个个体的认知风险与心理病理学双因素模型相关时，这些关联就被确定。c因子与特定于内在化的因素密切相关，而p因子和特定于内在化的因素则中等程度。具体的认知风险维度（沉思，负面推论风格，依赖性）与所有精神病理学维度有关。结论普遍的认知脆弱性（c因子）在诊断上与心理病理学的广度相关，并且最有可能与青少年内在特异化有关。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。