Induction of angiogenesis has enormous potential in the treatment of ischemic diseases and the promotion of bulk tissue regeneration. However, the poor activity of angiogenic cells and proangiogenic factors after transplantation is the main problem that imposes its wide applications. Recent studies have found that the development of nanomaterials has solved this problem to some extent. Nanomaterials can be mainly classified into inorganic nanomaterials represented by metals, metal oxides and metal hydroxides, and organic nanomaterials including DNA tetrahedrons, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes. These nanomaterials can induce the release of angiogenic factors either directly or indirectly, thereby initiating a series of signaling pathways to induce angiogenesis. Moreover, appropriate surface modifications of nanomaterial facilitate a variety of functions, such as enhancing its biocompatibility and biostability. In clinical applications, nanomaterials can promote the proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells or mesenchymal stem cells, thereby promoting the migration of hemangioblast cells to form new blood vessels. This review outlines the role of nanomaterials in angiogenesis and is intended to provide new insights into the clinical treatment of systemic and ischemic diseases.

血管生成的诱导在缺血性疾病的治疗和促进大块组织再生方面具有巨大的潜力。然而，移植后血管生成细胞和促血管生成因子的活性差是影响其广泛应用的主要问题。最近的研究发现，纳米材料的发展在一定程度上解决了这个问题。纳米材料主要分为以金属、金属氧化物和金属氢氧化物为代表的无机纳米材料，以及以DNA四面体、石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管为代表的有机纳米材料。这些纳米材料可以直接或间接诱导血管生成因子的释放，从而启动一系列信号通路来诱导血管生成。而且，纳米材料的适当表面修饰有利于多种功能，例如增强其生物相容性和生物稳定性。在临床应用中，纳米材料可以促进内皮细胞或间充质干细胞的增殖和分化，从而促进成血管细胞迁移形成新血管。本综述概述了纳米材料在血管生成中的作用，旨在为全身性疾病和缺血性疾病的临床治疗提供新的见解。