Abstract The proper production, degradation, folding and activity of proteins, proteostasis, is essential for any cellular function. From single cell organisms to humans, selective pressures have led to the evolution of adaptive programs that ensure proteins are properly produced and disposed of when necessary. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrient availability, pathogens as well as predators have greatly influenced the development of mechanisms such as the unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation and autophagy, working together in concert to secure cellular proteostasis. In our modern society, the metabolic systems of the human body face the distinct challenge of changed diets, chronic overnutrition and sedentary lifestyles. Obesity and excess white adipose tissue accumulation are linked to a cluster of metabolic diseases and disturbed proteostasis is a common feature. Conversely, processes that promote energy expenditure such as exercise, shivering as well as non-shivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes counteract metabolic dysfunction. Here we review the basic concepts of proteostasis in obesity-linked metabolic diseases and focus on adipocytes, which are critical regulators of mammalian energy metabolism.

中文翻译：

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产热和肥胖中的蛋白质稳态

摘要 蛋白质的正常产生、降解、折叠和活性，蛋白质稳态，对于任何细胞功能都是必不可少的。从单细胞生物到人类，选择压力导致了适应性程序的进化，以确保在必要时正确生产和处理蛋白质。温度、养分可用性、病原体和捕食者等环境因素极大地影响了未折叠蛋白反应、内质网相关蛋白降解和自噬等机制的发展，它们协同工作以确保细胞蛋白质稳态。在我们现代社会，人体的代谢系统面临着饮食改变、长期营养过剩和久坐不动的生活方式的独特挑战。肥胖和过多的白色脂肪组织积累与一系列代谢疾病有关，蛋白质稳态紊乱是一个共同特征。相反，促进能量消耗的过程，如运动、颤抖以及棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 和米色脂肪细胞的非颤抖产热可以抵消代谢功能障碍。在这里，我们回顾了肥胖相关代谢疾病中蛋白质稳态的基本概念，并重点关注脂肪细胞，它们是哺乳动物能量代谢的关键调节剂。