Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is cultivated around the world as a vegetable crop and exhibits diverse morphological and physiological features. DNA polymorphisms are responsible for differences in traits among cultivars. In this study, we determined genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among geographically diverse radish accessions using the double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) method. A total of 52,559 SNPs was identified in a collection of over 500 radish accessions (cultivated and wild) from East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, and the Occident and Near East. In addition, 2,624 SNP sites without missing data (referred to as common SNP sites) were identified among 510 accessions. Genetic diversity analyses, based on the common SNP sites, divided the cultivated radish accessions into four main groups, each derived from four geographical areas (Japan, East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, and the Occident and Near East). Furthermore, we discuss the origin of cultivated radish and its migration from the West to East Asia. SNP data generated in this work will facilitate further genetic studies on the radish breeding and production of DNA markers.

中文翻译：

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鉴定地理上不同的萝卜种质之间的全基因组单核苷酸多态性。

萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）是世界范围内的一种蔬菜作物，具有多种形态和生理特征。DNA多态性是导致品种间性状差异的原因。在这项研究中，我们使用双消化限制性位点相关的DNA测序（ddRAD-Seq）方法确定了地理上不同的萝卜种质之间的全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。在来自东亚，南亚和东南亚以及西方和近东的500多个萝卜种（栽培和野生）中共鉴定出52,559个SNP。此外，在510个登录号中鉴定出2,624个没有丢失数据的SNP位点（称为常见SNP位点）。基于常见SNP位点的遗传多样性分析将耕种萝卜种分为四个主要类别，每个国家/地区都来自四个地理区域（日本，东亚，南亚和东南亚，以及西方和近东）。此外，我们讨论了栽培萝卜的起源及其从西亚到东亚的迁移。这项工作产生的SNP数据将有助于进一步进行萝卜育种和DNA标记生产的遗传研究。