The present study sought to evaluate mRNA expression profiles in the cultured dermal fibroblasts of Tharparkar (zebu) and Karan-Fries (zebu, Tharparkar × taurine, Holstein Friesian) cattle in response to heat stress. Bioinformatics’ analysis identified temperature-regulated biological processes and pathways. Biological processes overrepresented among the earliest genes induced by temperature stress include regulation of stress responses, protein repair, metabolism, protein transport, cell division, and apoptosis. The present microarray platform contains 51,338 synthesized oligonucleotide probes corresponding to at least 36,713 unigenes. A total of 11,183 and 8126 transcripts were differentially expressed with a fold change of ≥ 2 in Tharparkar and Karan-Fries cattle, respectively. Randomly selected real-time validation showed 83.33% correlation with microarray data. Functional annotation and pathway study of the differentially expressed transcripts or genes (DEGs) reveal that upregulated genes significantly (P < 0.05) affect protein processing and NOD-like receptor pathways (NLRs), while downregulated genes were significantly (P < 0.05) found to be associated with cell cycle, metabolism, and protein transport. Gene expression changes include activation of heat shock factors (HSFs), increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), and apoptosis, while decreasing protein synthesis and another metabolism. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanism of the physiology of heat stress in Tharparkar and Karan-Fries cattle. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of heat stress is critical to developing approaches to ameliorate current production issues for improving animal performance and agriculture economics in tropical climatic conditions. In conclusion, the present study indicates that heat stress differentially affects the expression of the significant number of genes associated with stress response, metabolism, apoptosis, and protein transport in dermal fibroblasts of Tharparkar and Karan-Fries cattle.

中文翻译：

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全基因组表达的热应激反应在塔拉帕克（zebu）和Karan-Fries（zebu×牛磺酸）牛的真皮成纤维细胞中的表达。

本研究试图评估响应热应激的塔卡帕（zebu）和Karan-Fries（泽布，塔卡帕×牛磺酸，荷斯坦黑白花牛）的真皮真皮成纤维细胞中的mRNA表达谱。生物信息学的分析确定了温度调节的生物过程和途径。在温度胁迫诱导的最早基因中，过度表达的生物过程包括调控应激反应，蛋白质修复，代谢，蛋白质转运，细胞分裂和凋亡。本微阵列平台含有对应于至少36713个单基因的51338个合成的寡核苷酸探针。在Tharparkar和Karan-Fries牛中，总共有11,183和8126个转录物差异表达，且倍数变化≥2。随机选择的实时验证结果为83。与微阵列数据的相关性为33％。对差异表达的转录本或基因（DEG）的功能注释和途径研究表明，上调的基因明显P  <0.05）影响蛋白质加工和NOD样受体途径（NLRs），而下调的基因则显着（P <0.05）被发现与细胞周期，代谢和蛋白质运输有关。基因表达的变化包括热休克因子（HSF）的激活，热休克蛋白（HSP）的表达增加和细胞凋亡，同时减少了蛋白质合成和另一种新陈代谢。这些发现为Tharparkar和Karan-Fries牛热应激生理的潜在机制提供了见解。了解热应激的生物学和机理对于开发改善当前生产问题的方法至关重要，以改善热带气候条件下的动物生长性能和农业经济。总之，本研究表明，热应激会差异性地影响与应激反应，代谢，细胞凋亡，