Animal studies have demonstrated that the ratio of M1 (M1Φ) to M2 (M2Φ) macrophage-specific gene expression in adipose tissue (AT) may be altered by chronic exercise; however, whether macrophage polarization is induced under these conditions has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic exercise on M1Φ/M2Φ polarization in the AT of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Exercise-induced differences in M1Φ/M2Φ polarization were verified via an exercise intensity study (EIS) in which different levels of exercise intensity were evaluated. Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 J mice by feeding them with an HFD for 6 weeks. The study consisted of four groups: control group (CON), HFD-fed group (HFD), HFD-fed with exercise group (HFD + EXE), dietary conversion from HFD to normal diet (ND) group (DC), and dietary conversion from HFD to ND group (DC + EXE). For EIS, the HFD + EXE group was divided into three subgroups: low- (LI), mid- (MI), and high- (HI) intensity exercise. The total intervention period was 8 weeks. M1Φ/M2Φ polarization was confirmed by flow cytometry. M2Φ polarization in the AT of obese mice was significantly higher in HFD + EXE mice than in HFD mice, despite the HFD intake. In the EIS, M2Φ polarization was most pronounced in HFD + EXE-HI mice than in HFD mice. It can be proposed that the enhanced insulin resistance and inflammation by obesity can be improved by the increase of M2Φ polarization which is achieved by relatively high-intensity exercise.

中文翻译：

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在不同水平的运动强度下，肥胖小鼠脂肪组织中巨噬细胞极化的差异。

动物研究表明，长期运动可能会改变脂肪组织（AT）中M1（M1Φ）与M2（M2Φ）巨噬细胞特异性基因表达的比例。然而，尚未报道在这些条件下是否诱导巨噬细胞极化。因此，本研究旨在研究长期运动对高脂饮食（HFD）诱导的肥胖小鼠AT中M1Φ/M2Φ极化的影响。运动强度研究（EIS）验证了运动诱发的M1Φ/M2Φ极化差异，其中评估了不同水平的运动强度。雄性C57BL / 6 J小鼠通过喂饲HFD 6周来诱发肥胖。该研究分为四组：对照组（CON），HFD喂养组（HFD），HFD喂养与运动组（HFD + EXE），饮食从HFD转变为正常饮食（ND）组（DC），以及从HFD到ND组（DC + EXE）的饮食转换。对于EIS，HFD + EXE组分为三个子组：低强度（LI），中强度（MI）和高强度（HI）锻炼。总干预期为8周。通过流式细胞术确认了M1Φ/M2Φ极化。尽管有HFD摄入，肥胖小鼠AT的M2Φ极化在HFD + EXE小鼠中仍显着高于HFD小鼠。在EIS中，与HFD小鼠相比，HFD + EXE-HI小鼠中M2Φ极化最明显。可以提出，通过较高强度的运动实现的M2Φ极化的增加可以改善由肥胖引起的增强的胰岛素抵抗和炎症。总干预期为8周。通过流式细胞术确认了M1Φ/M2Φ极化。尽管有HFD摄入，肥胖小鼠AT的M2Φ极化在HFD + EXE小鼠中仍显着高于HFD小鼠。在EIS中，与HFD小鼠相比，HFD + EXE-HI小鼠中M2Φ极化最明显。可以提出，通过较高强度的运动实现的M2Φ极化的增加可以改善由肥胖引起的增强的胰岛素抵抗和炎症。总干预期为8周。通过流式细胞术确认了M1Φ/M2Φ极化。尽管有HFD摄入，肥胖小鼠AT的M2Φ极化在HFD + EXE小鼠中仍显着高于HFD小鼠。在EIS中，与HFD小鼠相比，HFD + EXE-HI小鼠中M2Φ极化最明显。可以提出，通过较高强度的运动实现的M2Φ极化的增加可以改善由肥胖引起的增强的胰岛素抵抗和炎症。