Many animals are able to produce similar offspring over a range of environmental conditions. This property of the developmental process has been termed canalization-the channeling of developmental pathways to generate a stable outcome despite varying conditions. Temperature is one environmental parameter that has fundamental effects on cell physiology and biochemistry, yet developmental programs generally result in a stable phenotype under a range of temperatures. On the other hand, there are typically upper and lower temperature limits beyond which the developmental program is unable to produce normal offspring. This review summarizes data on how development is affected by temperature, particularly high temperature, in various animal species. It also brings together information on potential cell biological and developmental genetic factors that may be responsible for developmental stability in varying temperatures, and likely critical mechanisms that break down at high temperature. Also reviewed are possible means for studying temperature effects on embryogenesis and how to determine which factors are most critical at the high-temperature limits for normal development. Increased knowledge of these critical factors will point to the targets of selection under climate change, and more generally, how developmental robustness in varying environments is maintained.

中文翻译：

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胚胎渠化及其局限性-温度视角。

许多动物在一定范围的环境条件下都能产生相似的后代。发育过程的这种特性被称为渠化（canalization）-尽管条件各异，但通过发育途径的通道产生稳定的结果。温度是一个对细胞生理学和生物化学有根本影响的环境参数，但是发育程序通常会在一定温度范围内产生稳定的表型。另一方面，通常存在上限和下限温度，超过该温度上限，发育程序将无法产生正常的后代。这篇综述总结了各种动物物种中温度（尤其是高温）如何影响发育的数据。它还汇集了有关潜在的细胞生物学和发育遗传因素的信息，这些因素可能会导致在不同温度下的发育稳定性，以及可能在高温下分解的关键机制。还审查了研究温度对胚胎发生的影响的可能方法，以及如何确定在高温下正常发育最关键的因素。对这些关键因素的更多了解将指向气候变化下的选择目标，更普遍的是，如何在不同环境中保持发展的稳健性。还审查了研究温度对胚胎发生的影响的可能方法，以及如何确定在高温下正常发育最关键的因素。对这些关键因素的更多了解将指向气候变化下的选择目标，更普遍的是，如何在不同环境中保持发展的稳健性。还审查了研究温度对胚胎发生的影响的可能方法，以及如何确定在高温下正常发育最关键的因素。对这些关键因素的更多了解将指向气候变化下的选择目标，更普遍的是，如何在不同环境中保持发展的稳健性。