Background Reducing alcohol consumption across populations would prevent many non-communicable diseases. Large packages increase food and non-alcoholic drink consumption and large glasses increase wine consumption. Smaller bottles may reduce alcohol consumption but their impact is uncertain. This study aims to (i) explore the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a large-scale randomised study to assess the impact of bottle size on in-home wine consumption and (ii) estimate the effect size and variance of the intervention on consumption to inform the design of future studies. Methods Cross-over randomised study in which 16 households in Cambridge, England, consuming at least two 750-ml bottles of wine each week, received a pre-set volume of wine biweekly for 4 weeks, in 750-ml and 375-ml bottles, in random order. Consumption was assessed by recording the number of empty and partially full bottles at the end of each biweekly period. At the end of the study, household representatives were interviewed about their experiences of participating in the study. Results The study procedures proved feasible. Comparable to similar trials, 14% of identified eligible households (18/125) consented to participate in the study. Attrition between consent and study completion was 11% (2/18) and 0% between study periods and 13% of households (2/16) correctly identified the study aim. The study procedures were considered acceptable. After adjusting for guest and out-of-home consumption, the difference in consumption between the 750-ml (3385.2 ml; SD = 1698.5) and 375-ml bottles (3376.7 ml; SD = 1719.0) was 8.4 ml (SD = 1235.4; 95%CI - 596.9, 613.8). Results suggest a possible order effect, with households receiving the 375-ml bottles first consuming more wine out of the 750-ml bottles and vice versa. This might also reflect an increase in consumption with study duration. Households receiving the 375-ml bottles first (6315.9 ml; SD = 3293.5) also drank less wine overall than those receiving the 750-ml bottles first (7335.4 ml; SD = 3735.4). Discussion The findings support the feasibility and acceptability of running a large-scale randomised study to assess the impact of bottle size on in-home wine consumption. Due to the heterogeneous patterning of results, a future study will be powered using the variance observed in the current study to detect a meaningful reduction of 250 ml of wine when consumed from smaller compared with larger bottles. Trial registration Open Science Framework (OSF): rmk43; May 23, 2017.

中文翻译：

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瓶子大小对家庭葡萄酒消费的影响：可行性和可接受性随机交叉研究。

背景 减少人群中的酒精消费可以预防许多非传染性疾病。大包装会增加食物和非酒精饮料的消费量，而大玻璃杯会增加葡萄酒的消费量。较小的瓶子可能会减少酒精消耗，但其影响尚不确定。本研究旨在 (i) 探索进行大规模随机研究以评估瓶子大小对家庭葡萄酒消费的影响的可行性和可接受性，以及 (ii) 估计干预对消费的影响大小和方差，以告知未来研究的设计。方法 交叉随机研究，英国剑桥的 16 户家庭每周至少饮用两瓶 750 毫升的葡萄酒，连续 4 周每两周收到预设量的 750 毫升和 375 毫升瓶装葡萄酒, 随机顺序。通过在每两周结束时记录空瓶和半满瓶的数量来评估消耗。在研究结束时，住户代表接受了关于他们参与研究的经历的采访。结果 研究程序证明是可行的。与类似试验相比，14% 的已确定符合条件的家庭 (18/125) 同意参加研究。同意和研究完成之间的流失率为 11% (2/18) 和研究期间之间的 0%，13% 的家庭 (2/16) 正确确定了研究目标。研究程序被认为是可以接受的。在针对客人和户外消费进行调整后，750 毫升（3385.2 毫升；SD = 1698.5）和 375 毫升瓶装（3376.7 毫升；SD = 1719.0）之间的消费差异为 8.4 毫升（SD = 1235.4； 95% CI - 596.9, 613.8)。结果表明可能存在订单效应，收到 375 毫升瓶装的家庭首先会从 750 毫升瓶装酒中消费更多的葡萄酒，反之亦然。这也可能反映了消费随着学习时间的增加而增加。首先收到 375 毫升瓶装的家庭（6315.9 毫升；标准差 = 3293.5）总体上喝的葡萄酒也比先收到 750 毫升瓶装的家庭（7335.4 毫升；标准差 = 3735.4）少。讨论 研究结果支持进行大规模随机研究以评估瓶子大小对家庭葡萄酒消费的影响的可行性和可接受性。由于结果的不同模式，未来的研究将使用当前研究中观察到的方差来支持，以检测从较小的瓶子与较大的瓶子相比，250 毫升葡萄酒的显着减少。试用注册开放科学框架（OSF）：rmk43; 2017 年 5 月 23 日。