Social belonging is an important human drive that influences mood and behavior. Neural responses to social exclusion are well-characterized, but the specificity of these responses to processing rejection-related affective distress is unknown. The present study compares neural responses to exclusion and overinclusion, a condition that similarly violates fairness expectations but does not involve rejection, with a focus on implications for models of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI) function. In an fMRI adaptation of the Cyberball paradigm with adolescents aged 11.1-17.7 years (N = 69), we employed parametric modulators to examine scaling of neural signal with cumulative exclusion and inclusion events, an approach that overcomes arbitrary definitions of condition onsets/offsets imposed on fluid, continuous gameplay. We identified positive scaling of dACC and posterior insula response with cumulative exclusion events, but these same regions exhibited trending signal decreases with cumulative inclusion events. Furthermore, areas within the dACC and insula also responded to context incongruency (throws to the participant in the exclusion run; throws between computer players in the overinclusion run). These findings caution against interpretations that responses in these regions uniquely reflect the affective distress of exclusion within social interaction paradigms. We further identified that the left ventrolateral PFC, rostromedial PFC, and left intraparietal sulcus responded similarly to cumulative exclusion and inclusion. These findings shed light on which neural regions exhibit patterns of differential sensitivity to exclusion or overinclusion, as well as those that are more broadly engaged by both types of social interaction.

中文翻译：

---

感到被遗忘还是感到惊讶？青少年社交排斥和过度融合的神经相关性。

社会归属感是影响情绪和行为的重要人类动力。对社会排斥的神经反应具有很好的特征，但是这些反应对处理与排斥相关的情感困扰的特异性尚不清楚。本研究比较了对排斥和过度包容的神经反应，这种情况类似地违反了公平预期，但不涉及排斥，其重点是对背侧前扣带回皮质（dACC）和前岛绝缘（AI）功能模型的影响。在对11月1日至17.7年（N = 69）的青少年进行的Cyber​​ball范例的fMRI适应中，我们采用参数调制器来检查具有累积排斥和包含事件的神经信号的缩放，该方法克服了对条件发作/偏移的任意定义流畅，连续的游戏。我们确定了积极的dACC缩放和后孤立的反应与累积排斥事件，但这些相同的区域表现出趋势信号减少与累积包裹事件。此外，dACC和绝缘体中的区域也对上下文不一致做出了响应（在排除运行中抛出给参与者；在过度包含运行中抛出计算机参与者之间的抛出）。这些发现警告人们不要以为在这些地区的反应独特地反映了社交互动范式中排斥的情感困扰。我们进一步确定，左腹外侧PFC，延髓系PFC和左顶壁沟对累积排斥和包容的反应相似。这些发现揭示了哪些神经区域表现出对排斥或过度包含的敏感性不同的模式，