Refractory epilepsy causes physical, psychological, psychiatric and social morbidities and carries an increased risk of premature mortality. Resective neurosurgery brings the possibility of long-term seizure remission in those with focal epilepsy, but is only suitable in approximately half of the patients who undergo presurgical evaluation,1 either because a single epileptogenic zone is not definable or resection would compromise eloquent cortex. The clinical use of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was first described in 1990 and as described by Perez-Carbonell in this issue of Practical Neurology has …

中文翻译：

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迷走神经刺激治疗癫痫

难治性癫痫会导致身体、心理、精神和社会方面的疾病，并增加过早死亡的风险。切除性神经外科手术为局灶性癫痫患者带来长期癫痫发作缓解的可能性，但仅适用于约一半接受术前评估的患者，1 因为无法确定单个致痫区或切除术会损害雄辩的皮层。迷走神经刺激 (VNS) 的临床应用于 1990 年首次描述，正如 Perez-Carbonell 在本期实用神经病学中所描述的那样……