Little is known about whether and how intergenerational relationships influence older adult mortality. This study examines the association between caring for grandchildren (i.e., grandparenting) and mortality and how the link differs by race-ethnicity. Drawing from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2014, N = 13,705), I found different racial-ethnic patterns in the effects of grandparenting on mortality risk. White grandparents who provide intensive noncoresident grandparenting (i.e., over 500 hours of babysitting per two years) and multigenerational household grandparenting have a lower risk of mortality compared to noncaregiving grandparents. In contrast, black grandparents have a higher mortality risk than their noncaregiving counterparts when providing intensive noncoresident, multigenerational household, and skipped-generation household (i.e., grandparent-headed family) grandparenting. Caregiving Hispanic grandparents are not significantly different from their noncaregiving counterparts in mortality risk. These findings suggest that important variations in social and cultural contexts for racial-ethnic groups shape the consequences of grandparenting for older adult mortality.

中文翻译：

---

祖父母与死亡率：种族民族如何发挥作用？

关于代际关系是否以及如何影响成年人的死亡率，鲜为人知。这项研究探讨了照顾孙辈（即祖父母）与死亡率之间的关联，以及种族之间的联系如何不同。根据《健康与退休研究》（1998-2014，N = 13,705），我发现祖父母对死亡风险的影响存在不同的种族民族模式。与没有照料的祖父母相比，提供密集的非同居祖父母（即，每两年有超过500个小时的保姆服务）和多代家庭祖父母的白人祖父母的死亡率较低。相比之下，黑人祖父母在提供密集的非同居，多代家庭和跳过一代的家庭时，其死亡风险要比非照管的同龄人高（i。例如，以祖父母为首的家庭）。照看西班牙裔祖父母与没有照看西班牙裔的祖父母在死亡率风险上没有显着差异。这些发现表明，种族和族裔群体在社会和文化背景下的重要差异塑造了祖父母对老年人死亡率的影响。