Although many researchers in psychology, religious studies, and psychiatry recognize that there is overlap in the experiences their subjects recount, disciplinary silos and challenges involved in comparing reported experiences have left us with little understanding of the mechanisms, whether biological, psychological, and/or sociocultural, through which these experiences are represented and differentiated. So-called mystical experiences, which some psychologists view as potentially sui generis, provide a test case for assessing whether we can develop an expanded framework for studying unusual experiences across disciplines and cultures. Evidence for the special nature of "mystical experience" rests on the operationalization of a metaphysically untestable construct in two widely used self-report scales: the Mysticism Scale and the Mystical Experiences Questionnaire. Consideration of the construct in light of research on alterations in sense of self induced by psychoactive drugs and meditation practices suggests that "positive experiences of undifferentiated unity" are not sui generis, but rather a type of "ego dissolution." To better understand the nature and effects of unusual experiences, such as alterations in the sense of self, we need self-report measures that distinguish between generically worded experiences and the way they are appraised in terms of valence, significance, cause, and long-term effects in different contexts.

中文翻译：

---

自我意识中的神秘和其他变化：研究非平凡经历的扩展框架。

尽管许多心理学、宗教研究和精神病学研究人员认识到，他们的受试者讲述的经历存在重叠，但比较报告的经历所涉及的学科孤岛和挑战使我们对这些机制知之甚少，无论是生物学的、心理的和/或社会文化，通过这些经验来表现和区分。一些心理学家认为可能是自成一格的所谓神秘体验提供了一个测试案例，用于评估我们是否可以开发一个扩展的框架来研究跨学科和文化的不寻常体验。“神秘体验”的特殊性质的证据依赖于在两个广泛使用的自我报告量表中对形而上学不可测试的构造的操作化：神秘主义量表和神秘体验问卷。根据对由精神活性药物和冥想练习引起的自我意识改变的研究来考虑该结构，这表明“未分化统一的积极体验”不是自成一格的，而是一种“自我解体”。为了更好地理解不寻常经历的性质和影响，例如自我意识的改变，我们需要自我报告措施，以区分一般措辞的经历和它们在效价、重要性、原因和长期性方面的评估方式。不同语境下的术语效应。