In this study, activated platelet‐derived vesicles (Act‐VEs) are developed as a novel hemostatic biomaterial. Spherical Act‐VEs (114.40 ± 11.69 nm in size) with surface charges of −24.73 ± 1.32 mV are successfully prepared from thrombin‐activated murine platelets with high surface expression of active glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa, also known as αIIbβ3) and P‐selectin. Although nanosized vesicles from resting platelets (VEs) and Act‐VEs showed similar sizes and surface charges, Act‐VEs formed much larger aggregates in the presence of thrombin and CaCl₂, compared to VEs. After incubation with fibrinogen, Act‐VEs formed much denser fibrin networks compared to platelets or VEs, probably due to active αIIbβ3 on the surfaces of the Act‐VEs. After intravenous injection of the Act‐VEs, tail bleeding time and the blood loss are greatly reduced by Act‐VEs in vivo. In addition, Act‐VEs showed approximately sevenfold lower release of pro‐inflammatory interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) during incubation for 4 days, compared to platelets. Taken together, the formulated Act‐VEs can serve as a promising hemostatic biomaterial for the efficient formation of fibrin clots without releasing pro‐inflammatory cytokine.

中文翻译：

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有效的止血活性的活化的血小板衍生的囊泡。

在这项研究中，活化血小板衍生的囊泡（Act-VEs）被开发为一种新型的止血生物材料。从凝血酶激活的鼠血小板中成功制备了表面电荷为-24.73±1.32 mV的球形Act-VE（大小为114.40±11.69 nm），该血小板具有活性糖蛋白IIb / IIIa（GP IIb / IIIa，也称为αIIbβ3）高表面表达）和P-selectin。尽管来自静息血小板（VEs）和Act‐VEs的纳米大小的囊泡显示出相似的大小和表面电荷，但是在存在凝血酶和CaCl ₂的情况下，Act‐VEs形成了更大的聚集体。，相比于VE。与纤维蛋白原一起孵育后，Act‐VEs与血小板或VEs相比形成了密集得多的纤维蛋白网络，这可能是由于Act‐VEs表面具有活性的αIIbβ3。静脉内注射Act-VEs后，体内Act-VEs可大大减少尾巴出血时间和失血量。此外，与血小板相比，Act-VEs在培养4天期间显示出促炎性白介素1β（IL-1β）释放降低了大约七倍。综上所述，Act‐VE制剂可作为一种有希望的止血生物材料，有效释放血纤蛋白凝块而不会释放促炎性细胞因子。