Objective: Undergoing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) increases mortality risk, but it is unclear what drives this finding. This study explored associations with mortality in patients with mTBI.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with mTBI and controls admitted to six level 1 trauma centers in 1/1/2009-12/31/2013. Mortality data were from the CDC National Death Index. Patients with mTBI were identified by ICD-9 code, Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15, Injury Severity Score (ISS) <16, and loss of consciousness ≤1 hour. Controls had hospital length of stay ≤24 hours, ISS<16, and no head injury.Results: This study included 964 patients with mTBI and 5,567 controls. mTBI was associated with a 47% increased 5-year mortality risk (HR = 1.47, 95% CL 1.08-2.01). Patients with mTBI were more likely to die of a neurodegenerative disease (17% vs 11%, P = .119). Cardiovascular (HR = 1.80, 95% CL 1.17-2.77), neurological (HR = 3.33, 95% CL 2.07-5.38), and respiratory (HR = 1.70, 95% CL 1.01-2.86) comorbidities were associated with mortality in patients with mTBI.Conclusions: Patients with mTBI are at increased mortality risk in the 5 years post-injury. Mortality in patients with mTBI was most influenced by preexisting conditions.

中文翻译：

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轻度创伤性脑损伤患者的长期死亡率和死因：一项为期 5 年的多中心研究。

目的：轻度创伤性脑损伤 (mTBI) 会增加死亡风险，但尚不清楚是什么推动了这一发现。本研究探讨了 mTBI 患者死亡率的相关性。方法：这是一项对 mTBI 患者和对照组于 2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2013 年 1 月 1 日至 2013 年 12 月 31 日入住六个 1 级创伤中心的回顾性研究。死亡率数据来自 CDC 国家死亡指数。mTBI 患者通过 ICD-9 代码、格拉斯哥昏迷量表 13-15、损伤严重程度评分 (ISS) <16 和意识丧失≤1 小时来识别。对照组住院时间≤24 小时，ISS<16，无头部损伤。结果：本研究包括964 名mTBI 患者和5,567 名对照组。mTBI 与 5 年死亡风险增加 47% 相关（HR = 1.47，95% CL 1.08-2.01）。mTBI 患者更有可能死于神经退行性疾病（17% 对 11%，P = .119）。心血管 (HR = 1.80, 95% CL 1.17-2.77)、神经系统 (HR = 3.33, 95% CL 2.07-5.38) 和呼吸系统 (HR = 1.70, 95% CL 1.01-2.86) 合并症与患者死亡率相关mTBI. 结论：mTBI 患者在受伤后 5 年内死亡风险增加。mTBI 患者的死亡率受既往状况的影响最大。