Previous historiography has already paid particular attention to well-known ‘metropolitan’ biographies of I. Balinsky, V. Bekhterev and others, as well as their role in the establishment of a scientific approach in the treatment of mental illnesses in the Russian Empire. Little attention has been paid to ‘provincial’ physicians and the importance of their scientific activity in bridging the gap between the Russian and European institutions of psychiatry. The primary aim of this article is to show how Alexander Frese’s ‘mobile’ and ‘imperial’ career influenced the emergence of the transnational origins of Russian psychiatry. It describes his travels to foreign psychiatric hospitals, and his subsequent critical assessment of them. I argue that his ideas, which had been formulated during these trips, determined the design of emerging psychiatric institutions (district hospitals) in the Russian Empire.

中文翻译：

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Alexander Frese 与俄罗斯帝国精神病学的建立

以前的史学已经特别关注 I. Balinsky、V. Bekhterev 和其他人的著名“都市”传记，以及他们在俄罗斯帝国建立治疗精神疾病的科学方法中的作用。很少有人关注“省级”医生及其科学活动在弥合俄罗斯和欧洲精神病学机构之间的差距方面的重要性。本文的主要目的是展示亚历山大·弗雷斯的“流动”和“帝国”职业如何影响俄罗斯精神病学跨国起源的出现。它描述了他到外国精神病医院的旅行，以及他随后对这些医院的批判性评估。我认为他在这些旅行中形成的想法，