Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are products of cascades of non-enzymatic glycosylation. They are formed over a period of hours to days, depending on the protein lifetime. AGEs acts by independently producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by binding to their receptors. Binding of AGE to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been shown to play a role in physiological processes, including lung homeostasis, bone metabolism, neuronal systems and the immune system. When in excess, they take part in the pathogenesis of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and etcetera. The cause of male infertility is considered unexplained in many cases, suggesting that there are gaps in the mechanistic knowledge of sperm production and function, especially, pathways involved in the physiochemical protein regulation of spermatogenesis. It is therefore important to consider areas of research highlighting protein modification and identification and their implication for male fertility.

中文翻译：

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男性不育：密切关注晚期糖化终末产物。

高级糖基化终产物（AGEs）是非酶糖基化级联反应的产物。它们在数小时至数天的时间内形成，具体取决于蛋白质的寿命。AGEs通过独立产生活性氧（ROS）或与其受体结合而起作用。AGE与晚期糖基化终产物（RAGE）受体的结合已显示在生理过程中起作用，包括肺稳态，骨骼代谢，神经系统和免疫系统。当过量时，它们参与疾病的发病机理，例如糖尿病，心血管疾病，神经退行性疾病等。在许多情况下，男性不育的原因被认为无法解释，这表明在精子生产和功能的机理知识上存在差距，特别是，参与生精蛋白理化调节的途径。因此，重要的是要考虑突出蛋白质修饰和鉴定及其对男性生育能力的影响的研究领域。