In the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, plant virus nanoparticles (pVNPs) are emerging as powerful tools in diverse applications ranging from biomedicine to materials science. The proteinaceous structure of plant viruses allows the capsid structure to be modified by genetic engineering and/or chemical conjugation with nanoscale precision. This means that pVNPs can be engineered to display peptides and proteins on their external surface, including immunodominant peptides derived from pathogens allowing pVNPs to be used for active immunization. In this context, pVNPs are safer than VNPs derived from mammalian viruses because there is no risk of infection or reversion to pathogenicity. Furthermore, pVNPs can be produced rapidly and inexpensively in natural host plants or heterologous production platforms. In this review, we discuss the use of pVNPs for the delivery of peptide antigens to the host immune in pre-clinical studies with the final aim of promoting systemic immunity against the corresponding pathogens. Furthermore, we described the versatility of plant viruses, with innate immunostimulatory properties, in providing a huge natural resource of carriers that can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable vaccines.

中文翻译：

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用于疫苗的植物病毒纳米颗粒。

在迅速发展的纳米技术领域，植物病毒纳米颗粒（pVNPs）作为强大的工具正在出现，其应用范围从生物医学到材料科学。植物病毒的蛋白质结构允许衣壳结构通过基因工程和/或化学缀合以纳米级精度进行修饰。这意味着可以对pVNPs进行工程改造，使其在其外表面展示肽和蛋白质，包括源自病原体的免疫显性肽，从而使pVNPs可以用于主动免疫。在这种情况下，pVNP比源自哺乳动物病毒的VNP更安全，因为它没有感染或恢复致病性的风险。此外，可以在天然宿主植物或异源生产平台中快速廉价地生产pVNP。在这篇评论中 我们在临床前研究中讨论了使用pVNPs将肽抗原递送给宿主免疫，其最终目的是促进针对相应病原体的全身免疫。此外，我们描述了具有先天免疫刺激特性的植物病毒的多功能性，为植物提供了巨大的天然资源，可用于开发下一代可持续疫苗。