Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are characteristic for different fungal species. However, little is known about VOC changes during development and their biological role. Therefore, we established a laboratory cultivation system in modified crystallizing dishes for analyzing VOC during fruiting body development of the dikaryotic strain Cyclocybe aegerita AAE-3 as well as four monokaryotic offspring siblings exhibiting different fruiting phenotypes. From these, VOC were extracted directly from the headspace (HS) and analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For all tested strains, alcohols and ketones, including oct-1-en-3-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol and cyclopentanone, were the dominant substances in the HS of early developmental stages. In the dikaryon, the composition of the VOC altered with ongoing fruiting body development and, even more drastically, during sporulation. At the latter stage, sesquiterpenes, especially Δ6-protoilludene, α-cubebene and δ-cadinene, were the dominant substances. After sporulation, the amount of sesquiterpenes decreased, while additional VOC, mainly octan-3-one, appeared. In the HS of the monokaryons, less VOC were present of which all were detectable in the HS of the dikaryon C. aegerita AAE-3. The results of the present study show that the volatilome of C. aegerita changes considerably depending on the developmental stage of the fruiting body.

中文翻译：

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单核和双核结果不同阶段的环孢菌挥发物

摘要 挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 是不同真菌物种的特征。然而，人们对发育过程中 VOC 的变化及其生物学作用知之甚少。因此，我们在改良的结晶培养皿中建立了实验室培养系统，用于分析双核菌株 Cyclocybe aegerita AAE-3 以及表现出不同结果表型的四个单核后代兄弟姐妹在子实体发育过程中的 VOC。从这些中，直接从顶空 (HS) 中提取 VOC，并通过气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 进行分析。对于所有测试菌株，醇和酮，包括 oct-1-en-3-ol、2-methylbutan-1-ol 和环戊酮，是早期发育阶段 HS 中的主要物质。在双核中，VOC 的组成随着子实体的持续发育而改变，在孢子形成过程中甚至更剧烈。后期主要以倍半萜类化合物为主，尤其是Δ6-原茚烯、α-立方烯和δ-卡二烯。孢子形成后，倍半萜烯的数量减少，而额外的 VOC，主要是辛烷 3-1，出现。在单核子的 HS 中，存在较少的 VOC，所有这些都可以在双核 C. aegerita AAE-3 的 HS 中检测到。本研究的结果表明，C. aegerita 的挥发物随子实体的发育阶段而发生显着变化。倍半萜烯的数量减少，而额外的 VOC，主要是辛烷 3-1，出现了。在单核子的 HS 中，存在较少的 VOC，所有这些都可以在双核 C. aegerita AAE-3 的 HS 中检测到。本研究的结果表明，C. aegerita 的挥发物随子实体的发育阶段而发生显着变化。倍半萜烯的数量减少，同时出现了额外的 VOC，主要是辛烷 3-1。在单核子的 HS 中，存在较少的 VOC，所有这些都可以在双核 C. aegerita AAE-3 的 HS 中检测到。本研究的结果表明，C. aegerita 的挥发物随子实体的发育阶段而发生显着变化。