Desiccation of plants is often lethal but is tolerated by the majority of seeds and by vegetative tissues of only a small number of land plants. Desiccation tolerance is an ancient trait, lost from vegetative tissues following the appearance of tracheids but reappearing in several lineages when selection pressures favored its evolution. Cells of all desiccation-tolerant plants and seeds must possess a core set of mechanisms to protect them from desiccation- and rehydration-induced damage. This review explores how desiccation generates cell damage and how tolerant cells assuage the complex array of mechanical, structural, metabolic, and chemical stresses and survive. Likewise, the stress of rehydration requires appropriate mitigating cellular responses. We also explore what comparative genomics, both structural and responsive, have added to our understanding of cellular protection mechanisms induced by desiccation, and how vegetative desiccation tolerance circumvents destructive, stress-induced cell senescence. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 71 is April 29, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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干燥耐受性：避免干燥和再水化过程中的细胞损伤

植物干燥通常是致命的，但大多数种子和仅少数陆生植物的营养组织可以耐受。干燥耐受性是一种古老的特性，在管胞出现后从营养组织中消失，但在选择压力有利于其进化时重新出现在几个谱系中。所有耐干燥植物和种子的细胞都必须拥有一套核心机制来保护它们免受干燥和再水化诱导的损害。这篇综述探讨了干燥如何产生细胞损伤，以及耐受细胞如何缓解复杂的机械、结构、代谢和化学压力并存活下来。同样，补液的压力需要适当的缓解细胞反应。我们还探索了结构和响应的比较基因组学，增加了我们对干燥诱导的细胞保护机制的理解，以及营养干燥耐受性如何规避破坏性的、应激诱导的细胞衰老。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。