In 1698, a creature with a perplexing mix of human and “ape” features died in London. Brought back to England by merchants who had acquired it during a trading mission to West Africa, it attracted the attention of the Royal Society, and after the death of what we now know was a juvenile chimpanzee, Edward Tyson, a distinguished physician/anatomist, was commissioned to undertake its dissection. Tyson, who was assisted by William Cowper, prepared a detailed written and graphic description of their meticulous dissection, and this forms the major part of his 1699 publication Orang‐outang sive Homo sylvestris: or The Anatomy of a Pygmie compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man. Tyson records the many ways his “pygmie” resembled, and differed from, modern humans, including acute assessments of its brain and pelvic anatomy. Tyson's monograph is a text‐book example of the comparative method. He, and it, deserve more recognition.

中文翻译：

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灵长类比较解剖学的诞生。

1698年，一个充满人类和“猿”特征的生物在伦敦死亡。由到西非进行贸易访问的商人将其带回英国，它引起了英国皇家学会的注意，在我们现在所知道的是黑猩猩的幼年去世之后，杰出的医师/解剖学家爱德华·泰森（Edward Tyson）被委托进行解剖。泰森（Tyson）在威廉·考珀（William Cowper）的协助下，对它们的细致解剖进行了详细的文字和图形描述，这构成了他1699年出版的《猩猩》的主要部分：或《 a皮解剖》与《猴子的解剖》，一个猿和一个男人。泰森（Tyson）记录了他的“侏儒”与现代人相似和不同的许多方式，包括对其大脑和骨盆解剖结构的急性评估。泰森的专着是比较方法的教科书示例。他以及它应该得到更多的认可。