Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the main cause of medically intractable pediatric epilepsy. Previous studies have suggested that alteration of cortical interneurons and abnormal cytoarchitecture have been linked to initiation and development for seizure. However, whether each individual subpopulation of cortical interneurons is linked to distinct FCD subtypes remains largely unknown. Here, we retrospectively analyzed both control samples and epileptic specimens pathologically diagnosed with FCD types Ia, IIa, or IIb. We quantified three major interneuron (IN) subpopulations, including parvalbumin (PV)-, somatostatin (Sst)-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip)-positive INs across all the subgroups. Additionally, we calculated the ratio of the subpopulations of INs to the major INs (mINs) by defining the total number of the PV-, Sst-, and Vip-INs as mINs. Compared with the control, the density of the PV-INs in FCD type IIb was significantly lower, and the ratio of PV/mINs was lower in the superficial part of the cortex of the FCD type Ia and IIb groups. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the ratio of Vip/mINs only in FCD type IIb. Overall, these results suggest that in addition to a reduction in PV-INs, the increase in Vip/mINs may be related to the initiation of epilepsy in FCD type IIb. Furthermore, the increase in Vip/mINs in FCD type IIb may, from the IN development perspective, indicate that FCD type IIb forms during earlier stages of pregnancy than FCD type Ia.

中文翻译：

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不同类型的局灶性皮质发育异常中interneurons的差异表达标志。

局灶性皮质发育异常（FCD）是医学上难治的小儿癫痫的主要原因。先前的研究表明，皮层神经元的改变和异常的细胞结构与癫痫发作的发生和发展有关。然而，皮质中间神经元的每个个体亚群是否与不同的FCD亚型相关仍是未知的。在这里，我们回顾性分析了对照样品和经病理诊断为Fa型Ia，IIa或IIb的癫痫标本。我们在所有亚组中量化了三个主要的中间神经元（IN）亚群，包括小白蛋白（PV）-，生长抑素（Sst）-和血管活性肠肽（Vip）阳性IN。此外，我们通过定义PV-，Sst-，-的总数，计算了IN的亚群与主要IN（mIN）的比率。而Vip-IN则是mIN。与对照组相比，FCD IIb型的PV-INs的密度显着降低，FCD Ia型和IIb组的皮层表层的PV / mINs的比率较低。有趣的是，我们发现仅在FCD IIb型中Vip / mIN的比率显着增加。总体而言，这些结果表明，除了PV-IN减少以外，Vip / mIN的增加可能与FCD IIb型癫痫的发作有关。此外，从IN发展的角度来看，FCD IIb类型中Vip / mIN的增加可能表明FCD IIb类型在怀孕早期比FCD Ia类型形成。FCD Ia型和IIb型皮层表浅部分的PV / mINs比值较低。有趣的是，我们发现仅在FCD IIb型中Vip / mIN的比率显着增加。总体而言，这些结果表明，除了PV-IN减少以外，Vip / mIN的增加可能与FCD IIb型癫痫的发作有关。此外，从IN发展的角度来看，FCD IIb型中Vip / mINs的增加可能表明FCD IIb型在怀孕早期比FCD Ia型形成。FCD Ia型和IIb型皮层表浅部分的PV / mINs比值较低。有趣的是，我们发现仅在FCD IIb型中Vip / mIN的比率显着增加。总体而言，这些结果表明，除了PV-IN减少以外，Vip / mIN的增加可能与FCD IIb型癫痫的发作有关。此外，从IN发展的角度来看，FCD IIb类型中Vip / mIN的增加可能表明FCD IIb类型在怀孕早期比FCD Ia类型形成。