As a nanoscale subset of extracellular vehicles, exosomes represent a new pathway of intercellular communication by delivering cargos such as proteins and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Importantly, it has been well documented that exosome-mediated delivery of such cargo is involved in many pathological processes such as tumor progression, cancer metastasis, and development of drug resistance. Innately biocompatible and possessing ideal structural properties, exosomes offer distinct advantages for drug delivery over artificial nanoscale drug carriers. In this review, we summarize recent progress in methods for engineering exosomes including isolation techniques and exogenous cargo encapsulation, with a focus on applications of engineered exosomes to target cancer metastasis.

中文翻译：

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工程外来体靶向癌症转移。

作为细胞外载体的纳米级子集，外来体通过将诸如蛋白质和核酸的位置传递至受体细胞，代表了细胞间通讯的新途径。重要的是，已经有充分的文献证明外来体介导的这种货物的运输涉及许多病理过程，例如肿瘤进展，癌症转移和耐药性的发展。与生物纳米级天然药物载体相比，外来体具有天生的生物相容性并具有理想的结构特性，因此在药物递送方面具有明显的优势。在这篇综述中，我们总结了工程外泌体方法的最新进展，包括隔离技术和外源货物封装，重点是工程化外泌体靶向癌症转移的应用。