The environmental quality of a Ramsar wetland site located at the Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Protected Area (CIP-PA), in São Paulo, Brazil, was assessed by geochemical analyses and biomarker assessments (GPx, GST, GSH, GST, MT, LPO, DNA damage) performed in swimming crab Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 organs (posterior and anterior gills and hepatopancreas) to estimate sediment contaminant bioavailability. The results indicated that two sampling stations, PT and PM, exhibited the worst environmental conditions, as sediments collected at both points contained metal contamination, while crabs exhibited significant responses for GPx, GST, and LPO (mostly during winter). Sediment contamination tended to be associated to fine sediments (both seasons) and organic matter (winter). During the summer survey, Pb concentrations in sediments of station PT exceeded the Brazilian Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) and the Canadian Interim Marine Sediment Quality Guidelines. Metal concentrations in sediments sampled in winter were higher compared with summer, with Co, Ni, and Pb exceeding SQGs levels at PT, whereas Co, Ni, Hg, Zn, and Pb exceeded SQGs at PM. Biomarker induction during summer appeared to be caused by natural variables (water salinity and temperature, and molting cycle), whereas oxidative stress and tissue damage during winter appeared to be more clearly linked to metal contamination. Anterior gills presented the clearest signs of seasonal variability, being more responsive to sediment contamination. The results suggest that metals originated from the upper Ribeira de Iguape River are transported toward the estuarine system, causing effects on C. danae individuals. Additionally, seasonality is a strong factor concerning CIP-PA toxicity, since the rainfall regime significantly modifies the freshwater flow and, consequently, estuarine water salinity, suspended particle and metal inputs, as well as the location of depositional areas. Thus, efforts to mitigate CIP-PA contamination should be based on the control of upstream pollution sources.

中文翻译：

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巴西东南部海洋保护区螃蟹的金属相关生物标志物反应。

通过地球化学分析和生物标志物评估（GPx，GST，GSH，GST，MT，LPO）评估了位于巴西圣保罗的Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe保护区（CIP-PA）的Ramsar湿地的环境质量DNA损伤）发生在游泳蟹Callinectes danae Smith，1869年的器官（前后（和肝胰腺）中，以估计沉积物污染物的生物利用度。结果表明，两个采样站PT和PM表现出最差的环境条件，因为在两个站点收集的沉积物均含有金属污染，而螃蟹对GPx，GST和LPO表现出显着的响应（主要在冬季）。沉积物污染往往与精细的沉积物（两个季节）和有机物（冬季）有关。在夏季调查中 PT站沉积物中的铅浓度超过了巴西沉积物质量指南（SQG）和加拿大临时海洋沉积物质量指南。冬季采样的沉积物中的金属浓度高于夏季，钴，镍和铅在PT时超过SQGs水平，而钴，镍，汞，锌和铅在PM时超过SQGs。夏季生物标志物的诱导似乎是由自然变量（水的盐度和温度以及蜕皮周期）引起的，而冬季的氧化应激和组织损伤似乎与金属污染更为明显。前ill表现出最明显的季节性变化迹象，对沉积物污染更敏感。结果表明，源自里贝拉·德伊瓜佩河上游的金属被运往河口系统，对C. danae个体造成影响。此外，季节性因素是影响CIP-PA毒性的重要因素，因为降雨制度会显着改变淡水流量，进而改变河口水盐度，悬浮颗粒和金属输入以及沉积区域的位置。因此，减轻CIP-PA污染的努力应基于上游污染源的控制。