Autocrine and paracrine signaling in the kidney adds an extra level of diversity and complexity to renal physiology. The extensive scientific production on the topic precludes easy understanding of the fundamental purpose of the vast number of molecules and systems that influence the renal function. This systematic review provides the broader pen strokes for a collected image of renal paracrine signaling. First, we recapitulate the essence of each paracrine system one by one. Thereafter the single components are merged into an overarching physiological concept. The presented survey shows that despite the diversity in the web of paracrine factors, the collected effect on renal function may not be complicated after all. In essence, paracrine activation provides an intelligent system that perceives minor perturbations and reacts with a coordinated and integrated tissue response that relieves the work load from the renal epithelia and favors diuresis and natriuresis. We suggest that the overall function of paracrine signaling is reno-protection and argue that renal paracrine signaling and self-regulation are two sides of the same coin. Thus local paracrine signaling is an intrinsic function of the kidney, and the overall renal effect of changes in blood pressure, volume load, and systemic hormones will always be tinted by its paracrine status.

中文翻译：

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肾脏自分泌和旁分泌信号转导：自我保护的故事。

肾脏中的自分泌和旁分泌信号增加了肾脏生理水平的多样性和复杂性。关于该主题的广泛科学成果使人们无法轻易理解影响肾脏功能的众多分子和系统的基本目的。这项系统的综述提供了更广泛的笔触，用于收集肾旁分泌信号的图像。首先，我们逐一概述了每个旁分泌系统的本质。此后，将单个组件合并为总体生理概念。所提供的调查显示，尽管旁分泌因子网络各不相同，但收集到的对肾功能的影响毕竟可能并不复杂。在本质上，旁分泌激活提供了一个智能系统，该系统可以感知微小的扰动，并与协调一致的组织反应发生反应，从而减轻肾脏上皮的工作量，有利于利尿和利尿。我们建议旁分泌信号的整体功能是保护肾脏，并认为肾旁分泌信号和自我调节是同一枚硬币的两个方面。因此，局部旁分泌信号是肾脏的内在功能，血压，容量负荷和全身性激素变化对肾脏的总体影响将始终由其旁分泌状态引起。我们建议旁分泌信号的整体功能是保护肾脏，并认为肾旁分泌信号和自我调节是同一枚硬币的两个方面。因此，局部旁分泌信号是肾脏的内在功能，血压，容量负荷和全身性激素变化对肾脏的总体影响将始终由其旁分泌状态引起。我们建议旁分泌信号的整体功能是保护肾脏，并认为肾旁分泌信号和自我调节是同一枚硬币的两个方面。因此，局部旁分泌信号是肾脏的内在功能，血压，容量负荷和全身性激素变化对肾脏的总体影响将始终由其旁分泌状态引起。