OBJECTIVE Chronic tic disorders occur in approximately 3% of children. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depression are common. We evaluated the impact of tic disorders and comorbid symptoms on individual and parent quality of life and family functioning. METHOD In two cross-sectional studies children with tic disorders were enrolled at the University of Rochester or the University of South Florida; data were pooled for analyses. Control subjects were enrolled at the University of Rochester. We compared quality of life and function in youth and families with and without tic disorders. We evaluated the associations between comorbid symptoms and individual quality of life and family impact in youth with tic disorders using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS We enrolled 205 youths with tic disorders and 100 control subjects. Psychosocial (P < 0.0001) and physical (P < 0.0001) quality of life were lower in individuals with tic disorders compared with controls. Severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (P < 0.0001) and depression (P = 0.046) symptoms were associated with lower psychosocial quality of life in youth with tic disorders. Families of youths with tic disorders had worse parent quality of life (P < 0.001) and family functioning (P < 0.001) than control families. Severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (P < 0.0001), obsessive-compulsive disorder (P = 0.0004), and depression (P = 0.01) symptoms were associated with predicted worse family impact. CONCLUSION Youths with tic disorders had lower individual and parent quality of life and worse family functioning than controls. The impact of tic disorders on the family may have significant implications for approaches to providing comprehensive care to these families.

中文翻译：

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抽动障碍与低龄儿童和父母的生活质量以及更差的家庭功能有关。

目标慢性抽动障碍发生在大约 3% 的儿童中。注意缺陷/多动障碍、强迫症、焦虑和抑郁的神经精神症状很常见。我们评估了抽动障碍和合并症对个人和父母的生活质量和家庭功能的影响。方法 在罗切斯特大学或南佛罗里达大学的两项横断面研究中，抽动障碍儿童被招募；汇总数据进行分析。对照受试者在罗切斯特大学注册。我们比较了患有和不患有抽动障碍的青少年和家庭的生活质量和功能。我们使用多元回归分析评估了抽动障碍青少年的共病症状与个人生活质量和家庭影响之间的关联。结果 我们招募了 205 名患有抽动障碍的青少年和 100 名对照受试者。与对照组相比，抽动障碍患者的社会心理 (P < 0.0001) 和身体 (P < 0.0001) 生活质量较低。注意缺陷/多动障碍（P < 0.0001）和抑郁（P = 0.046）症状的严重程度与抽动障碍青年的社会心理生活质量降低有关。抽动障碍青少年家庭的父母生活质量（P < 0.001）和家庭功能（P < 0.001）低于对照组。注意缺陷/多动障碍 (P < 0.0001)、强迫症 (P = 0.0004) 和抑郁症 (P = 0.01) 症状的严重程度与预计的更严重的家庭影响有关。结论 与对照组相比，患有抽动障碍的青少年个人和父母的生活质量较低，家庭功能较差。抽动障碍对家庭的影响可能对向这些家庭提供综合护理的方法产生重大影响。