We studied the microbial profiles of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum during different developmental stages in the duck using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. We also investigated the differences in the microbiota in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at different developmental times. A correlation analysis was performed between the most abundant bacterial genera and the development of the small intestine. An analysis of alpha diversity indicated different species richness and bacterial diversity in the different small intestinal segments and at different development times. A beta diversity analysis indicated differences in the bacterial community compositions across time. In a weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis, the samples clustered into two categories, 2 to 4 wk and 6 to 10 wk, in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Our results show that the small intestine is predominantly populated by the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria throughout the developmental stages of the duck. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum shared most of the bacterial phyla and genera present, although they showed significant differences in their relative abundances in the intestinal segments and developmental stages. They shared different bacterial taxa during development times and among different segments when the intergroup differences were analyzed. The genera Bacillus, Corynebacterium 1, Lactococcus, Sphingomonas, and Haliangium correlated moderately positively with the increase in bodyweight and the lengths and weights of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and these genera may be considered important markers when assessing the heath of the intestinal microbiota in ducks. This study provides a foundation upon which to extend our knowledge of the diversity and composition of the duck microbiota and a basis for further studies of the management of the small intestinal microbiota and improvements in the health and production of ducks.

中文翻译：

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鸭不同发育时期小肠中微生物的多样性和组成分析。

我们使用细菌16S rRNA基因的高通量测序研究了鸭在不同发育阶段的十二指肠，空肠和回肠的微生物谱。我们还研究了十二指肠，空肠和回肠在不同发育时期的微生物群差异。在最丰富的细菌属与小肠发育之间进行了相关分析。对阿尔法多样性的分析表明，在不同的小肠段和不同的发育时间，物种丰富度和细菌多样性不同。β多样性分析表明细菌群落组成随时间的差异。在加权UniFrac主坐标分析中，样品在十二指肠，空肠中分为2至4周和6至10周两类，和回肠。我们的研究结果表明，在整个鸭的整个发育阶段，小肠主要由菌毛，拟杆菌和变形杆菌组成。十二指肠，空肠和回肠共享存在的大部分细菌门和属，尽管它们在肠段和发育阶段的相对丰度显示出显着差异。他们在发育期间和分析群体间差异时在不同区段之间共享不同的细菌类群。芽孢杆菌属，棒杆菌属1，乳球菌，鞘氨醇单胞菌和哈良属与体重增加以及十二指肠，空肠和回肠的长度和重量呈正相关，这些属在评估鸭肠道菌群健康度时可能被视为重要标记。这项研究为扩展我们对鸭微生物群的多样性和组成的认识奠定了基础，并为进一步研究小肠微生物群以及改善鸭的健康和生产提供了基础。