Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of various pathological conditions including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Central to these conditions is obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in many tissues including adipose, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. There is increasing evidence that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase the phosphorylation of MAPKs, enhance the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and elevate the expression of inflammatory genes. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which SFAs induce inflammation. SFAs may induce the expression inflammatory genes via different pathways including toll-like receptor (TLR), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings suggest that SFAs act as an important link between obesity and inflammation.

Keywords: saturated fatty acids, obesity, inflammation, Toll-like receptor, reactive oxygen species, lipid rafts, protein kinase C


中文翻译：

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肥胖相关炎症中的饱和脂肪酸。

摘要：肥胖是各种病理状况发展的主要危险因素，包括胰岛素抵抗，糖尿病，心血管疾病和非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD）。这些疾病的中心是许多与脂肪相关的慢性低度炎症，包括脂肪，肝脏，肌肉，肾脏，胰腺和大脑。越来越多的证据表明，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）增强MAPK的磷酸化，增强转录因子（如核因子（NF）-κB）的活化，并提高炎症基因的表达。本文重点研究SFA诱导炎症的机制。SFA可能通过不同的途径诱导炎症基因的表达，包括toll样受体（TLR），蛋白激酶C（PKC），活性氧（ROS），NOD样受体（NLR），和内质网（ER）压力。这些发现表明，SFA是肥胖与炎症之间的重要联系。

关键词：饱和脂肪酸，肥胖，炎症，Toll样受体，活性氧，脂质筏，蛋白激酶C