RNA interference is a biological process whereby small RNAs inhibit gene expression through neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. This process is conserved in eukaryotes. Here, recent work regarding the mechanisms of how small RNAs move within and between organisms is examined. Small RNAs can move locally and systemically in plants through plasmodesmata and phloem, respectively. In fungi, transportation of small RNAs may also be achieved by septal pores and vesicles. Recent evidence also supports bidirectional cross‐kingdom communication of small RNAs between host plants and adapted fungal pathogens to affect the outcome of infection. We discuss several mechanisms for small RNA trafficking and describe evidence for transport through naked form, combined with RNA‐binding proteins or enclosed by vesicles.

中文翻译：

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小RNA在植物和真菌内和之间的运动。

RNA干扰是一个生物过程，小RNA通过中和靶向的mRNA分子来抑制基因表达。这个过程在真核生物中是保守的。在此，研究了有关小RNA在生物内部和之间移动的机制的最新研究。小RNA可以分别通过纤毛虫和韧皮部在植物体内局部和全身移动。在真菌中，小RNA的转运也可以通过隔孔和囊泡来实现。最近的证据还支持宿主植物和适应的真菌病原体之间的小RNA双向交叉交流，以影响感染的结果。我们讨论了小RNA转运的几种机制，并描述了通过裸露形式结合RNA结合蛋白或囊泡包裹的证据。