Proper nutrition during pregnancy is vital to maternal health and fetal development and may be challenging for Navajo Nation residents because access to affordable and healthy foods is limited. It has been several decades since reported diet quality during pregnancy was examined on Navajo Nation. We present the first study to estimate iodine intake and use the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) to assess maternal diet quality among pregnant women in the Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS). Based on dietary intake data derived from food frequency questionnaires, overall estimated micronutrient intake has remained similar since the last assessment in 1981, with potential improvements evident for folate and niacin. A high proportion of women (>50%) had micronutrient intakes from dietary sources below the Estimated Average Requirements during pregnancy. The median urinary iodine concentration for NBCS women (90.8 μg/L; 95% CI [80, 103.5]) was less than adequate and lower than concentrations reported for pregnant women that participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014. Overall, average diet quality of NBCS women estimated using the HEI-2015 (62.4; 95% CI [60.7, 64.0]) was similar to that reported for women of child-bearing age and pregnant women in NHANES. Although, NBCS women had diets high in added sugar, with sugar-sweetened beverages as the primary contributors. Our study provides updated insights on maternal diet quality that can inform health and nutrition initiatives in Navajo communities emphasizing nutrition education and access to prenatal vitamins and calcium, iodine, and vitamin E dense foods.

中文翻译：

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Navajo出生队列研究中孕妇的饮食质量。

怀孕期间适当的营养对孕产妇健康和胎儿发育至关重要，并且对纳瓦霍族居民来说可能是挑战，因为获得负担得起的健康食品的机会有限。自从报道了在Navajo Nation检查怀孕期间的饮食质量以来已有几十年了。我们在纳瓦霍出生队列研究（NBCS）中提出了第一项估计碘摄入量的研究，并使用健康饮食指数（HEI-2015）评估孕妇的孕产妇饮食质量。根据从食物频率调查表获得的饮食摄入数据，自1981年进行最后一次评估以来，总体估计的微量营养素摄入量一直保持相似，叶酸和烟酸的潜在改善明显。在怀孕期间，很大一部分妇女（> 50％）的饮食中微量营养素摄入量低于估计的平均需求量。NBCS妇女的尿碘中位数浓度（90.8μg/ L； 95％CI [80，103.5]）不足，也低于参加2011年全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的孕妇所报告的浓度。和2014年。总体上，使用HEI-2015估算的NBCS妇女的平均饮食质量（62.4； 95％CI [60.7，64.0]）与NHANES中育龄妇女和孕妇的报告相似。虽然，NBCS妇女的饮食中含糖量较高，但主要成分是含糖饮料。我们的研究提供了有关孕产妇饮食质量的最新见解，可以为纳瓦霍人社区的健康和营养计划提供信息，强调营养教育和获取产前维生素以及钙，碘和维生素E密集食品。