The nucleus is a highly organized and dynamic environment where regulation and coordination of processes such as gene expression and DNA replication are paramount. In recent years, noncoding RNAs have emerged as key participants in the regulation of nuclear processes. There are a multitude of functional roles for long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), mediated through their ability to act as molecular scaffolds bridging interactions with proteins, chromatin, and other RNA molecules within the nuclear environment. In this review, we discuss the diversity of techniques that have been developed to probe the function of nuclear lncRNAs, along with the ways in which those techniques have revealed insights into their mechanisms of action. Foundational observations into lncRNA function have been gleaned from molecular cytology-based, single-cell approaches to illuminate both the localization and abundance of lncRNAs in addition to their potential binding partners. Biochemical, extraction-based approaches have revealed the molecular contacts between lncRNAs and other molecules within the nuclear environment and how those interactions may contribute to nuclear organization and regulation. Using examples of well-studied nuclear lncRNAs, we demonstrate that the emerging functions of individual lncRNAs have been most clearly deduced from combined cytology and biochemical approaches tailored to study specific lncRNAs. As more functional nuclear lncRNAs continue to emerge, the development of additional technologies to study their interactions and mechanisms of action promise to continually expand our understanding of nuclear organization, chromosome architecture, genome regulation, and disease states.

中文翻译：

---

探索细胞核中长非编码RNA的功能。

原子核是一个高度组织化和动态的环境，其中调节和协调基因表达和DNA复制等过程至关重要。近年来，非编码RNA已成为核过程调控的主要参与者。长非编码RNA（lncRNA）有许多功能性作用，是通过它们充当桥接与蛋白质，染色质和核环境内其他RNA分子相互作用的分子支架的能力介导的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了为探测核lncRNAs功能而开发的各种技术，以及这些技术揭示其作用机制的见解的方式。从分子细胞学的基础上收集到有关lncRNA功能的基础观察，单细胞方法除了阐明潜在的结合伴侣外，还阐明了lncRNA的定位和丰富性。基于生化，提取的方法揭示了lncRNA与核环境中其他分子之间的分子接触，以及这些相互作用如何促进核组织和调控。使用经过充分研究的核lncRNA的例子，我们证明了从专门研究特定lncRNA的细胞学和生化方法相结合，可以最清楚地推断出单个lncRNA的新兴功能。随着功能性核lncRNA的不断涌现，研究其相互作用和作用机制的其他技术的发展有望继续扩大我们对核组织，染色体结构，基因组调控，