Current solutions to diagnose bacterial infections though reliable are often time-consuming, laborious and need a specific laboratory setting. There is an unmet need for bedside accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases with a short turnaround time. Moreover, low-cost diagnostics will greatly benefit regions with poor resources. Immunoassays and molecular techniques have been used to develop highly sensitive diagnosis solutions but retaining many of the abovementioned limitations. The detection of bacteria in a biological sample can be enhanced by a previous step of capture and enrichment. This will ease the following process enabling a more sensitive detection and increasing the possibility of a conclusive identification in the downstream diagnosis. This review explores the latest developments regarding the initial steps of capture and enrichment of bacteria from complex samples with the ultimate goal of designing low cost and reliable diagnostics for bacterial infections. Some solutions use specific ligands tethered to magnetic constructs for separation under magnetic fields, microfluidic platforms and engineered nano-patterned surfaces to trap bacteria. Bulk acoustics, advection and nano-filters comprise some of the most innovative solutions for bacteria enrichment.

中文翻译：

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从复杂样品中捕获和富集细菌的新解决方案。

尽管可靠，但是用于诊断细菌感染的当前解决方案通常耗时，费力并且需要特定的实验室设置。在床旁准确诊断具有短周转时间的传染病的需求尚未得到满足。此外，低成本的诊断程序将大大有利于资源贫乏的地区。免疫测定和分子技术已用于开发高度敏感的诊断解决方案，但保留了许多上述限制。可以通过先前的捕获和富集步骤来增强生物样品中细菌的检测。这将简化后续过程，从而实现更灵敏的检测，并增加在下游诊断中结论性鉴定的可能性。这篇综述探讨了从复杂样品中捕获和富集细菌的初始步骤的最新进展，其最终目的是为细菌感染设计低成本和可靠的诊断方法。一些解决方案使用特定的配体拴在磁性结构上，以在磁场，微流体平台和经工程改造的纳米图案表面下分离细菌。体声，平流和纳米过滤器是细菌富集的一些最创新的解决方案。