ABSTRACT

Rice is the staple food of Bangladeshi people and is consumed at least twice a day. Thus, the presence of toxic metals in rice grains has become a major public health concern in Bangladesh. The present research was conducted to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals in rice grains and their possible human health risks in the Tangail district of Bangladesh. Toxic metals were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and the mean concentrations of toxic metals in rice samples were found in order of Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cu > Cd. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, As, and Cd in the studied rice grain samples exceeded the FAO/WHO standard values for food samples by 100%, whereas the Ni concentrations by 10%. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant anthropogenic contributions of Cr, Ni, As, and Pb concentrations in rice grains. The metal concentrations in rice grain samples showed strong significant correlations by forming primary clusters with each other. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb from all samples were higher than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) allowed. The total targeted hazard quotient (TTHQ) values of Cu, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb also exceeded the threshold value of 1.00, indicating a potential non-carcinogenic risk. The estimated target carcinogenic risk of As was higher than the USEPA threshold level 10⁻⁴ (0.0001) indicating increased risk of cancer for adults and children in the study area.

摘要

大米是孟加拉国人的主食，每天至少食用两次。因此，米粒中有毒金属的存在已成为孟加拉国的主要公共卫生问题。本研究旨在调查孟加拉国 Tangail 地区稻谷中有毒金属的浓度及其可能对人类健康造成的风险。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定有毒金属，大米样品中有毒金属的平均浓度为Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cu > Cd。所研究的稻谷样品中 Cr、Pb、As 和 Cd 的浓度超过了粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品样品的标准值 100%，而镍的浓度超过了 10%。主成分分析 (PCA) 揭示了 Cr 的显着人为贡献，稻谷中的 Ni、As 和 Pb 浓度。稻谷样品中的金属浓度通过相互形成初级簇显示出强烈的显着相关性。所有样品中 Cr、Ni、As、Cd 和 Pb 的估计每日摄入量 (EDI) 值均高于允许的最大每日可耐受摄入量 (MTDI)。Cu、Ni、As、Cd 和 Pb 的总目标危害商 (TTHQ) 值也超过了 1.00 的阈值，表明存在潜在的非致癌风险。As 的估计目标致癌风险高于 USEPA 阈值 10 所有样本中的 Pb 和 Pb 均高于允许的最大每日可耐受摄入量 (MTDI)。Cu、Ni、As、Cd 和 Pb 的总目标危害商 (TTHQ) 值也超过了 1.00 的阈值，表明存在潜在的非致癌风险。As 的估计目标致癌风险高于 USEPA 阈值 10 所有样本中的 Pb 和 Pb 均高于允许的最大每日可耐受摄入量 (MTDI)。Cu、Ni、As、Cd 和 Pb 的总目标危害商 (TTHQ) 值也超过了 1.00 的阈值，表明存在潜在的非致癌风险。As 的估计目标致癌风险高于 USEPA 阈值 10⁻⁴ (0.0001) 表明研究区域内成人和儿童患癌症的风险增加。