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Evidence of multifaceted functions of codon usage in translation within the model beetle Tribolium castaneum.
DNA Research ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-01 , DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsz025
Carrie A Whittle 1 , Arpita Kulkarni 1 , Cassandra G Extavour 1, 2
Affiliation  

Synonymous codon use is non-random. Codons most used in highly transcribed genes, often called optimal codons, typically have high gene counts of matching tRNA genes (tRNA abundance) and promote accurate and/or efficient translation. Non-optimal codons, those least used in highly expressed genes, may also affect translation. In multicellular organisms, codon optimality may vary among tissues. At present, however, tissue specificity of codon use remains poorly understood. Here, we studied codon usage of genes highly transcribed in germ line (testis and ovary) and somatic tissues (gonadectomized males and females) of the beetle Tribolium castaneum. The results demonstrate that: (i) the majority of optimal codons were organism-wide, the same in all tissues, and had numerous matching tRNA gene copies (Opt-codon↑tRNAs), consistent with translational selection; (ii) some optimal codons varied among tissues, suggesting tissue-specific tRNA populations; (iii) wobble tRNA were required for translation of certain optimal codons (Opt-codonwobble), possibly allowing precise translation and/or protein folding; and (iv) remarkably, some non-optimal codons had abundant tRNA genes (Nonopt-codon↑tRNAs), and genes using those codons were tightly linked to ribosomal and stress-response functions. Thus, Nonopt-codon↑tRNAs codons may regulate translation of specific genes. Together, the evidence suggests that codon use and tRNA genes regulate multiple translational processes in T. castaneum.

中文翻译:

甲虫Tribolium castaneum模型中翻译中使用的密码子功能的多方面证据。

同义密码子使用是非随机的。在高度转录的基因中最常用的密码子(通常称为最佳密码子)通常具有与tRNA基因匹配的高基因数(tRNA丰度)并促进准确和/或有效的翻译。非最佳密码子(在高表达基因中最少使用的密码子)也可能影响翻译。在多细胞生物中,不同组织之间的密码子最优性可能有所不同。然而,目前,对密码子使用的组织特异性仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了在甲虫Tribolium castaneum的种系(睾丸和卵巢)和体细​​胞组织(经性腺切除的雄性和雌性)中高度转录的基因的密码子使用情况。结果表明:(i)大多数最佳密码子是整个生物体的,在所有组织中都是相同的,并且具有许多匹配的tRNA基因拷贝(Opt-codon↑tRNA),与翻译选择一致;(ii)一些最佳密码子在组织之间不同,表明组织特异的tRNA群体;(iii)某些最佳密码子(Opt-codonwobble)的翻译需要摆动tRNA,可能允许精确翻译和/或蛋白质折叠;(iv)值得注意的是,一些非最佳密码子具有丰富的tRNA基因(Nonopt密码子↑tRNA),并且使用这些密码子的基因与核糖体和应激反应功能紧密相关。因此,Nonopt密码子↑tRNA密码子可以调节特定基因的翻译。总之,证据表明密码子使用和tRNA基因可调节锥栗木的多个翻译过程。(iii)某些最佳密码子(Opt-codonwobble)的翻译需要摆动tRNA,可能允许精确翻译和/或蛋白质折叠;(iv)值得注意的是,一些非最佳密码子具有丰富的tRNA基因(Nonopt密码子↑tRNA),并且使用这些密码子的基因与核糖体和应激反应功能紧密相关。因此,Nonopt密码子↑tRNA密码子可以调节特定基因的翻译。总之,证据表明密码子使用和tRNA基因可调节锥栗木的多个翻译过程。(iii)某些最佳密码子(Opt-codonwobble)的翻译需要摆动tRNA,可能允许精确翻译和/或蛋白质折叠;(iv)值得注意的是,一些非最佳密码子具有丰富的tRNA基因(Nonopt密码子↑tRNA),并且使用这些密码子的基因与核糖体和应激反应功能紧密相关。因此,Nonopt密码子↑tRNA密码子可以调节特定基因的翻译。总之,证据表明密码子使用和tRNA基因可调节锥栗木的多个翻译过程。
更新日期:2020-01-10
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