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Revealing eukaryotic histone-modifying mechanisms through bacterial infection.
Seminars in Immunopathology ( IF 9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00778-9
Wenyang Dong 1, 2 , Melanie Anne Hamon 1
Affiliation  

In the long co-evolution of host-pathogen interaction, bacteria have developed sophisticated strategies to manipulate host cell mechanisms and reprogram host transcription. Targeting chromatin, mainly through post-translational modification (PTM) of histone proteins, is one strategy that has been revealed over the last decade. Indeed, histone modifications play a crucial role in regulating transcription during cell type and stimulus specific responses, making them good targets during infection. Therefore, the study of host-pathogen interactions provides breakthroughs in understanding virulence mechanisms, but also in host cell mechanisms. Although chromatin is regulated by DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and post-translational modifications of histones, most studies have concentrated on bacteria-induced histone modifications, which will be the focus of this review. We will discuss the different mechanisms used by bacteria to induce histone PTMs, whether it is through direct targeting of pathogen effector enzymes, or indirectly through modulation of cellular signaling cascade. We will summarize the concepts we learned in cell biology from exploring bacteria-triggered histone modifications, by focusing on the signaling cascades modified by bacteria, bacterial mimics of eukaryotic enzymes, and the novel histone marks imposed upon infection.

中文翻译:

通过细菌感染揭示真核生物组蛋白修饰机制。

在宿主-病原体相互作用的长期共同进化中,细菌已经开发出复杂的策略来操纵宿主细胞机制和重新编程宿主转录。主要通过组蛋白的翻译后修饰 (PTM) 靶向染色质是过去十年中已揭示的一种策​​略。事实上,组蛋白修饰在调节细胞类型和刺激特异性反应期间的转录方面发挥着至关重要的作用,使其成为感染期间的良好靶标。因此,宿主-病原体相互作用的研究为理解毒力机制以及宿主细胞机制提供了突破。尽管染色质受 DNA 甲基化、非编码 RNA 和组蛋白翻译后修饰的调节,但大多数研究都集中在细菌诱导的组蛋白修饰上,这将是本次审查的重点。我们将讨论细菌用于诱导组蛋白翻译后修饰的不同机制,无论是通过直接靶向病原体效应酶,还是通过调节细胞信号级联间接。我们将总结我们从探索细菌触发的组蛋白修饰中学到的细胞生物学概念,重点关注细菌修饰的信号级联反应、真核酶的细菌模拟物以及对感染施加的新型组蛋白标记。
更新日期:2020-02-04
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