MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that suppress the expression of target mRNAs. The seed sequence of miRNA plays a crucial role in recognizing the 3′-untranslated region of the target mRNA. Cells infected with a simian foamy virus (SFV) isolated from an African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) (SFVcae) showed high expression levels of viral miRNAs encoded in the long terminal repeat of SFVcae. In the present study, we investigated the roles and expression of miRNAs derived from an SFV isolated from a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) (SFVmfu) using next-generation sequencing technologies. The results obtained showed that SFVmfu also expressed viral miRNAs; however, the seed sequences of most miRNAs derived from SFVmfu differed from those reported previously from SFVcae. Cells persistently infected with SFVmfu strongly expressed an miRNA with the same seed sequence as the miR-1 microRNA precursor family. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that this miRNA down-regulates the expression of adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1, which is up-regulated in several solid tumors. The present results suggest that SFVmfu utilizes viral miRNAs to establish long-term co-existence with the Japanese macaque.

中文翻译：

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来自日本猕猴的猿猴泡沫病毒的持续感染导致类似于 miR-1 microRNA 前体家族的 microRNA 高水平表达

MicroRNA (miRNA) 是一组抑制目标 mRNA 表达的小非编码 RNA。miRNA 的种子序列在识别目标 mRNA 的 3'-非翻译区中起着至关重要的作用。感染自非洲绿猴（Chlorocebus aethiops）（SFVcae）的猿猴泡沫病毒（SFV）的细胞显示出在 SFVcae 长末端重复序列中编码的病毒 miRNA 的高表达水平。在本研究中，我们使用下一代测序技术研究了从日本猕猴 (Macaca fuscata) (SFVmfu) 分离的 SFV 中衍生的 miRNA 的作用和表达。获得的结果表明SFVmfu也表达病毒miRNA；然而，大多数来自 SFVmfu 的 miRNA 的种子序列与之前报道的来自 SFVcae 的不同。持续感染 SFVmfu 的细胞强烈表达与 miR-1 microRNA 前体家族具有相同种子序列的 miRNA。荧光素酶报告基因检测表明，该 miRNA 下调腺苷酸环化酶相关蛋白 1 的表达，而腺苷酸环化酶相关蛋白 1 在多种实体瘤中表达上调。目前的结果表明，SFVmfu 利用病毒 miRNA 与日本猕猴建立长期共存。