The immune response is governed by a highly complex set of interactions among cells and mediators. T cells may be rendered dysfunctional by the presence of high levels of antigen in the absence of co-stimulation while myeloid cells may be programmed towards an immunosuppressive state that promotes cancer growth and metastasis while deterring tumor immunity. In addition, inhibitory programs driven by immune checkpoint regulators dampen anti-tumor immunity. The ideal cancer immunotherapy treatment will improve both cross-priming in the tumor microenvironment and relieve suppression by the inhibitory checkpoints. Recently, blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has elicited impressive results, but not in all patients, so additional targets are under investigation. V-set immunoglobulin domain suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immunoregulatory receptor that is broadly expressed on cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, and is frequently implicated as a poor prognostic indicator in multiple cancers. Importantly, antibody targeting of VISTA uniquely engages both innate and adaptive immunity. This, combined with the expression of VISTA and its non-redundant activities compared to other immune checkpoint regulators, qualifies VISTA to be a promising target for improving cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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VISTA：成年后将成为多族裔免疫检查站。

免疫反应是由细胞和介体之间高度复杂的相互作用所决定的。在缺乏共同刺激的情况下，高水平抗原的存在可导致T细胞功能失调，而髓样细胞可被编程为免疫抑制状态，从而促进癌症生长和转移，同时阻止肿瘤免疫。此外，由免疫检查点调节剂驱动的抑制程序会减弱抗肿瘤免疫力。理想的癌症免疫疗法将改善肿瘤微环境中的交叉引发，并缓解抑制性检查点的抑制作用。最近，对程序性细胞死亡1（PD-1）和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4（CTLA-4）的阻断已引起了令人印象深刻的结果，但并非在所有患者中，因此正在研究其他靶点。T细胞活化的V-set免疫球蛋白结构域抑制剂（VISTA）是一种新型的免疫调节受体，广泛表达于髓样和淋巴谱系的细胞上，通常被认为是多种癌症的不良预后指标。重要的是，靶向VISTA的抗体独特地参与了先天免疫和适应性免疫。与其他免疫检查点调节剂相比，它结合了VISTA的表达及其非冗余活性，使VISTA成为改善癌症免疫疗法的有希望的靶标。靶向VISTA的抗体独特地参与了先天免疫和适应性免疫。与其他免疫检查点调节剂相比，它结合了VISTA的表达及其非冗余活性，使VISTA成为改善癌症免疫疗法的有希望的靶标。靶向VISTA的抗体独特地参与了先天免疫和适应性免疫。与其他免疫检查点调节剂相比，它结合了VISTA的表达及其非冗余活性，使VISTA成为改善癌症免疫疗法的有希望的靶标。