After the successful landing of the Mars Science Laboratory rover, both NASA and ESA initiated a selection process for potential landing sites for the Mars2020 and ExoMars missions, respectively. Two ellipses located in the Mawrth Vallis region were proposed and evaluated during a series of meetings (three for Mars2020 mission and five for ExoMars). We describe here the regional context of the two proposed ellipses as well as the framework of the objectives of these two missions. Key science targets of the ellipses and their astrobiological interests are reported. This work confirms that the proposed ellipses contain multiple past martian wet environments of a subaerial, subsurface, and/or subaqueous character, in which to probe the past climate of Mars; build a broad picture of possible past habitable environments; evaluate their exobiological potentials; and search for biosignatures in well-preserved rocks. A mission scenario covering several key investigations during the nominal mission of each rover is also presented, as well as descriptions of how the site fulfills the science requirements and expectations of in situ martian exploration. These serve as a basis for potential future exploration of the Mawrth Vallis region with new missions and describe opportunities for human exploration of Mars in terms of resources and science discoveries.

中文翻译：

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Mawrth Vallis，火星：未来现场勘探的迷人之地。

在火星科学实验室流动站成功着陆后，NASA和ESA分别启动了针对Mars2020和ExoMars任务的潜在着陆点的选择程序。在一系列会议中提出并评估了位于莫夫·瓦利斯（Mawrth Vallis）地区的两个椭圆（三个代表Mars2020任务，五个代表ExoMars）。我们在这里描述了两个拟议椭圆的区域背景以及这两个特派团的目标框架。报告了椭圆的关键科学目标及其天体生物学兴趣。这项工作证实了拟议的椭圆包含火星过去，下层和/或水下特征的多个火星湿润环境，用于探测火星的过去气候。勾勒出过去可能存在的宜居环境的全景图；评估其外生物潜能；并在保存完好的岩石中寻找生物特征。还介绍了一个任务场景，其中涵盖了每辆火星车的名义任务期间的几次关键调查，并描述了该站点如何满足科学要求和对火星探测的期望。这些是通过新的任务对莫夫·瓦利斯地区进行潜在的未来勘探的基础，并从资源和科学发现方面描述了人类探索火星的机会。