Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) has played an increasingly important role in deuteration and tritiation of compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. Transition metal-catalyzed HIE methods have gained considerable attention in the past decades, and most of these methods were comprehensively reviewed in 2010 in a special JLCR issue. It covered a wide variety of HIE catalysis systems involving precious metal catalysts, and a relatively small percentage of base metal catalysts, with a major focus on heterogeneous nickel. While base metal catalysts have remained under-developed for HIE chemistry relative to 2nd and 3rd row transition metal catalysts, in recent years the first examples of homogeneous iron, nickel and cobalt catalysts have been introduced to the field. Hence, in this review, we describe the recent development of base metal catalysts for HIE and their applications in isotopic labeling of pharmaceutical compounds. These research efforts have resulted in the development of labeling approaches that complement traditional methods in terms of activity and selectivity, thus diversifying the methodologies available for isotope chemists.

中文翻译：

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贱金属催化氢同位素交换

氢同位素交换 (HIE) 在制药工业中化合物的氘化和氚化中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在过去的几十年中，过渡金属催化的 HIE 方法引起了相当大的关注，其中大部分方法在 2010 年的 JLCR 特刊中进行了全面审查。它涵盖了各种涉及贵金属催化剂的 HIE 催化系统，以及相对较小比例的贱金属催化剂，主要关注非均相镍。虽然相对于第 2 和第 3 行过渡金属催化剂而言，用于 HIE 化学的贱金属催化剂仍未得到充分开发，但近年来，均相铁、镍和钴催化剂的第一个例子已被引入该领域。因此，在本次审查中，我们描述了用于 HIE 的贱金属催化剂的最新发展及其在药物化合物同位素标记中的应用。这些研究工作导致了标记方法的发展，这些方法在活性和选择性方面补充了传统方法，从而使同位素化学家可用的方法多样化。