Primates worldwide are faced with increasing threats making them more vulnerable to extinction. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat degradation and fragmentation, are among the main concerns, and in Madagascar, these issues have become widespread. As this situation continues to worsen, we sought to understand how fragmentation affects primate distribution throughout the island. Further, because species may exhibit different sensitivity to fragmentation, we also aimed to estimate the role of functional traits in mitigating their response. We collated data from 32 large-bodied lemur species ranges, consisting of species from the families Lemuridae (five genera) and Indriidae (two genera). We fitted Generalized Linear Models to determine the role of habitat fragmentation characteristics, for example, forest cover, patch size, edge density, and landscape configuration, as well as the protected area (PA) network, on the species relative probability of presence. We then assessed how the influence of functional traits (dietary guild, home range size) mitigate the response of species to these habitat metrics. Habitat area had a strong positive effect for many species, and there were significantly negative effects of fragmentation on the distribution of many lemur species. In addition, there was a positive influence of PAs on many lemur species' distribution. Functional trait classifications showed that lemurs of all dietary guilds are negatively affected by fragmentation; however, folivore-frugivores show greater flexibility/variability in terms of habitat area and landscape complexity compared to nearly exclusive folivores and frugivores. Furthermore, species of all home range sizes showed a negative response to fragmentation, while habitat area had an increasingly positive effect as home range increased in size. Overall, the general trends for the majority of lemur species are dire and point to the need for immediate actions on a multitude of fronts, most importantly landscape-level reforestation efforts.

中文翻译：

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功能性特质是否抵消了片段化的影响？大体昼夜狐猴。

世界各地的灵长类动物都面临着越来越多的威胁，使其更容易灭绝。人为干扰，例如栖息地退化和破碎化，是主要关注的问题，在马达加斯加，这些问题已变得普遍。随着这种情况继续恶化，我们试图了解破碎如何影响整个岛上的灵长类动物分布。此外，由于物种对碎片的敏感性可能不同，因此我们还旨在评估功能性状在缓解其反应中的作用。我们整理了来自32个大狐猴物种范围的数据，其中包括狐猴科（五个属）和螨科（两个属）的物种。我们采用广义线性模型来确定栖息地破碎特征的作用，例如森林覆盖率，斑块大小，边缘密度，和景观配置，以及保护区（PA）网络，取决于物种的相对存在概率。然后，我们评估了功能性状（饮食行会，家庭范围的大小）的影响如何减轻物种对这些栖息地指标的反应。栖息地对许多物种具有强烈的积极影响，而破碎化对许多狐猴物种的分布则具有显着的负面影响。此外，PA对许多狐猴物种的分布也有积极影响。功能性状分类显示，所有饮食行会的狐猴都受到支离破碎的负面影响；但是，与近乎唯一的食肉和食肉动物相比，食叶和草食动物在栖息地面积和景观复杂性方面显示出更大的灵活性/可变性。此外，所有家庭范围大小的物种都对碎片化表现出负面反应，而栖息地面积随着家庭范围的扩大而具有越来越积极的作用。总体而言，大多数狐猴物种的总体趋势十分严峻，并指出需要在许多方面立即采取行动，最重要的是在景观一级进行植树造林。