Objective: investigation of the extra-low-frequency (ELF) stimulation effect on blood-cell proteins, that causes variation in its electrostatic-state. A hypothesis that this results in the conformational change in the blood-cell proteins which could enhance immune activity is explored. Since HIV-1 and host-cell engage through charge-charge interactions, an electrical-pulse may cause charge redistribution, hypothetically resulting in host-cell proteins to be isolated from viral access. Methods: Buffy coat samples were exposed to ELF square waveform pulses of 5Hz, 10Hz and 1MHz, for 2-hours, and were then examined using immunofluorescence technique. The expression of glycoprotein CD4, and co-receptor protein CCR5, were investigated. Also, the binding activity of the N-terminal domain of CCR5 and the distribution of the nuclear-pore-complex (NPC) transport factor, FGNup153 were investigated. Comparison with control samples were carried out. Results: Increased CD4 count, which could enhance the immune system. In addition, the inability of N-terminus-specific antibody 3A9 to bind to CCR5 N-terminal, could be due to the interactions with the ELF electric-field, which may also hypothetically inhibit HIV-1 attachment. Furthermore, the electrostatic interactions between the ELF pulse and the FGNup153 induces redistribution in its disorder sequence and possibly causes conformational change. This could possibly prevent large virus particle transport through the NPC. Conclusion: Novel concept of ELF stimulation of blood cellular proteins has been developed leading to transformation of immune activity. Clinical-Impact: The translational aspect is the use of ELF as an avenue of electro-medicine and the results are a possible foundation for the clinical application of ELF stimulation in immune response.

中文翻译：

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超低频脉冲刺激血细胞蛋白质的构象变化以及随之而来的免疫活性转变

目的：研究超低频 (ELF) 刺激对血细胞蛋白质的影响，从而导致其静电状态发生变化。探索了一种假设，即这会导致血细胞蛋白质的构象变化，从而增强免疫活性。由于 HIV-1 和宿主细胞通过电荷相互作用相互作用，电脉冲可能会导致电荷重新分布，假设导致宿主细胞蛋白与病毒接触分离。方法：将血沉棕黄层样品暴露于5Hz、10Hz和1MHz的ELF方波脉冲下2小时，然后使用免疫荧光技术进行检查。研究了糖蛋白CD4和辅助受体蛋白CCR5的表达。此外，还研究了 CCR5 N 末端结构域的结合活性和核孔复合物 (NPC) 转运因子 FGNup153 的分布。与对照样品进行比较。结果：CD4计数增加，可以增强免疫系统。此外，N 端特异性抗体 3A9 无法与 CCR5 N 端结合，可能是由于与 ELF 电场的相互作用，这也可能抑制 HIV-1 附着。此外，ELF脉冲和FGNup153之间的静电相互作用诱导其无序序列重新分布，并可能导致构象变化。这可能会阻止大病毒颗粒通过 NPC 传输。结论：已经开发出 ELF 刺激血细胞蛋白的新概念，从而导致免疫活性的转变。临床影响：转化方面是使用 ELF 作为电子医学的途径，其结果可能为 ELF 刺激在免疫反应中的临床应用奠定基础。