Human intelligence has been theorized since the ancient Greeks. Plato and Aristotle incorporated theories of human intelligence into their metaphysical and cosmological theories which informed the social and medical sciences for centuries. With the advent of the 20th century, human intelligence became increasingly standardized based on Intelligence Quotients (IQ). Moreover, multiple theories of human intelligence were posited on morphological features of the human brain, focusing on cranial volume and size of the pre-frontal cortex which was suggestive of superior human cognitive abilities. This article argues that fixation with anatomical features of the brain was tended to ignore the importance of neuro-hormonal regulation which is a more appropriate indicator of human cognitive abilities. The article challenges the correlation between brain size and human cognitive abilities while offering an alternate theory of human cognitive abilities which emphasizes the roles of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, and enteric gut microbiome (EGM) regulation.

中文翻译：

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与脑部解剖相比，神经激素调节是人类认知能力的更好指标：对新范式的需求。

自古希腊人以来，人类的智力就已被理论化。柏拉图和亚里斯多德将人类智力理论整合到他们的形而上学和宇宙学理论中，这些理论为社会和医学科学提供了数百年的历史。随着20世纪的到来，基于智能商（IQ）的人类智能变得越来越标准化。此外，人类智力的多种理论都建立在人脑的形态特征上，着眼于颅骨的体积和前额叶皮层的大小，这暗示着人类具有超强的认知能力。本文认为，具有大脑解剖特征的固定倾向于忽略神经激素调节的重要性，神经激素调节是人类认知能力的更合适的指标。