Immune cells use a variety of membrane-disrupting proteins [complement, perforin, perforin-2, granulysin, gasdermins, mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL)] to induce different kinds of death of microbes and host cells, some of which cause inflammation. After activation by proteolytic cleavage or phosphorylation, these proteins oligomerize, bind to membrane lipids, and disrupt membrane integrity. These membrane disruptors play a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Here we review our current knowledge of the functions, specificity, activation, and regulation of membrane-disrupting immune proteins and what is known about the mechanisms behind membrane damage, the structure of the pores they form, how the cells expressing these lethal proteins are protected, and how cells targeted for destruction can sometimes escape death by repairing membrane damage.

中文翻译：

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Knocking 'em Dead：免疫防御中的成孔蛋白质。

免疫细胞使用多种膜破坏蛋白 [补体、穿孔素、穿孔素-2、颗粒溶素、gasdermin、混合谱系激酶结构域样假激酶 (MLK​​L)] 来诱导微生物和宿主细胞的不同类型死亡，其中一些导致炎。通过蛋白水解裂解或磷酸化激活后，这些蛋白质寡聚化，与膜脂结合并破坏膜的完整性。这些膜破坏因子在先天免疫和适应性免疫中都发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对膜破坏性免疫蛋白的功能、特异性、激活和调节的了解，以及对膜损伤背后机制的了解、它们形成的孔的结构、表达这些致死蛋白的细胞如何受到保护。 ,