The relationship to place and language has been central to linguistic research since the beginning. Several distinctive eras of investigation into place and language have taken place, from focusing on relatively nonmobile elderly speakers to deep investigations of how different speakers relate to a particular place. Place impacts language in a variety of ways, from large differences between national varieties to ecological and social distinctions in varieties associated with a small local area or neighborhood. Further, place interacts with other social factors and contributes to linguistic variation in an additive (or perhaps even multiplicative) fashion. As the investigation into the impact of place has developed and evolved, researchers have noted that it is not merely place itself that is the most important, rather the speaker's relationship to place that is perhaps the most crucial aspect. In fact, a speaker with a close connection to place might use features that are associated with a particular place even if those features are stigmatized, because those features represent the speaker's connection to place. Without consideration of how a speaker orients—whether toward or away—any investigation into place or regionality and language will be incomplete.

中文翻译：

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地点和语言：语音，区域和地点之间的联系。

自开始以来，位置和语言之间的关系一直是语言研究的中心。从对相对不易移动的老年人说话者的关注到对不同说话者与特定地点的关系的深入研究，已经发生了几个独特的地点和语言调查时代。从国家品种之间的巨大差异到与较小地区或邻里相关的品种中的生态和社会差异，场所以多种方式影响语言。此外，地点与其他社会因素相互作用，并以加和（或什至甚至是乘法）方式促进语言变异。随着对场所影响的调查研究的发展和发展，研究人员注意到，不仅仅是场所本身才是最重要的，说话者的能力也是最重要的。与地方的关系也许是最关键的方面。实际上，与位置紧密连接的扬声器可能会使用与特定位置相关联的功能，即使这些功能已被污名化，因为这些功能代表了扬声器与位置的连接。如果不考虑说话者是如何定向的（无论是朝向还是远离），那么对地点，地区和语言的任何调查都是不完整的。